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Volume 29, Issue 159, May 2025

About the Cover

Obesity has become one of the biggest challenges in medicine. Hundreds of millions of people struggle with this disease. It has a significant impact on mortality rates. Therefore, the search for new therapies is essential. This review aims to analyze Amylin Analogs and Dual Amylin-Calcitonin Receptor Agonists (DACRAs). These are new drugs tested for the treatment of diabetes and excess body weight. We will focus on their use in the treatment of obesity. Recent advances in gut hormone-modulating medications have implicated a possible mechanism by which the amylin-calcitonin pathway may help control body weight. Amylin Analogs, pramlintide, and cagrilintide exhibit encouraging efficacy in clinical studies. In preclinical studies, DACRAs KBP-066, KBP-088, and KBP-089 caused significant weight loss and metabolic effects. Mechanistic accounts reveal the complex neural networks and receptor dynamics that the therapies utilize. Amylin Analogs and DACRAs represent a novel platform for obesity treatment, but we need to translate preclinical evidence into everyday practice with patients. Conducting further studies to establish the dosage and possibly reduce side effects is essential.


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REVIEW

Pharmacotherapy of obesity - Amylin Analogs and Dual Amylin-Calcitonin Receptor Agonists. A literature review

Karolina Woźniak, Michał Stasiak, Adam Woźniak, Franciszek Glapiński, Wiktor Żyro, Katarzyna Żyro

Obesity has become one of the biggest challenges in medicine. Hundreds of millions of people struggle with this disease. It has a significant impact on mortality rates. Therefore, the search for new therapies is essential

Medical Science, 2025, 29, e62ms3558

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The Role of Protein Supplementation and Timing in Enhancing Athletic Performance and Muscle Recovery: A Systematic Review

Aleksandra Kossakowska, Jakub Leicht, Karolina Kossakowska, Aisha Hassan, Sara Hassan, Szymon Bienia, Wafa Al-Batool, Klaudia Konieczna, Izabela Zarecka, Katarzyna Czechowicz

In this review, we aim to summarize the role of protein supplementation in promoting athletic performance and muscle recovery, taking into account protein type and timing

Medical Science, 2025, 29, e63ms3561

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The use of wearable devices to monitor selected functions of the human body

Katarzyna Cierpiszewska, Aleksandra Garczyk, Jakub Klamecki, Dominika Kuc, Dagmara Skowrońska

Because of the widespread use of wearable devices in everyday life, there is a growing demand to acquire good-quality data on as many vital functions as possible for better and faster diagnosis and treatment implementation

Medical Science, 2025, 29, e64ms3560

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The Toxic Face of Fire - Chemical Poisonings in Fire Conditions and its Treatment

Szymon Graczyk, Kamil Górecki, Ksawery Adamiec, Aleksandra Kępczyńska, Natalia Księżarek, Przemysław Prokop

Fire damage is not the only cause of death in fires. Combustion releases many toxins, including carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), and other chemicals discussed in this article.

Medical Science, 2025, 29, e65ms3559

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Multimodal approach in pain management in pancreatic cancer

Aleksandra Małgorzata Krygowska, Kamila Sieradocha, Aleksandra Maria Śledziewska, Aleksandra Zagajewska, Magdalena Cyrkler, Dorota Słupik, Aleksandra Reda, Aleksandra Giba, Michał Wąsik

Pancreatic cancer is often associated with significant pain, affecting approximately 75% of patients at the time of diagnosis. This type of pain is frequently the first symptom prompting medical consultation, leading to extended diagnostic pathways and ultimately resulting in delayed detection and poorer prognoses due to the formation of metastases

Medical Science, 2025, 29, e66ms3546

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Quality of life in the terminal period of a cancer patient - the most common complaints

Karol Mateusz Wojnarowski, Justyna Gręda, Anna Klasa, Bartosz Zieliński, Filip Maj

Introduction: Cancer is a worldwide health issue, yet ongoing research and treatment improvements offer hope and progress to millions of people annually

Medical Science, 2025, 29, e67ms3566

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Walking as Therapy - The Role of Walking Training in the Management of Peripheral Arterial Disease

Adam Woźniak, Katarzyna Żyro, Wiktor Żyro, Karolina Woźniak, Michał Stasiak, Franciszek Glapiński

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a common condition that limits walking and reduces quality of life. Walking training is now recognized as a key part of treatment. This review summarizes recent studies on walking-based exercise in PAD.

Medical Science, 2025, 29, e68ms3567

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Applications of Artificial intelligence in the assessment of breast imaging

Marcin Grzebyk, Anna Tokarska, Katarzyna Gawrońska, Joanna Rybak, Aleksandra Arnista, Aleksandra Kołodziejczyk, Agnieszka Waszczuk, Mateusz Świątko, Paweł Sosnowski, Piotr Łapiński

Artificial intelligence helps doctors and researchers of diagnostic imaging through higher sensitivity and specificity in diagnosis, most importantly, by avoiding wrong positive and negative findings

Medical Science, 2025, 29, e69ms3574

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CASE REPORT

When does prolactinoma require neurosurgical intervention?

Przemysław Kwiatka, Marta Borecka, Karolina Hanusz, Anna Bieda, Arkadiusz Zaremba, Karolina Stachyra, Julia Beata Krasnodębska, Mateusz Leśniewski, Michał Kluska, Maciej Wyskok

Patients with macroprolactinoma (MPRL) resistant to dopamine agonists and its rare complications, such as CSF rhinorrhea is rarely seen by physicians. This report presents a clinical case of a 51-year-old female with MPRL complicated by CSF leakage.

Medical Science, 2025, 29, e70ms3554

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REVIEW

The Impact of Stress Coping Strategies on Depression Risk Among Elite Athletes with Chronic Somatic Conditions Recovery: A Systematic Review

Jakub Leicht, Aleksandra Kossakowska, Karolina Kossakowska, Katarzyna Czechowicz, Aisha Hassan, Sara Hassan, Szymon Bienia, Wafa Al-Batool, Izabela Zarecka, Klaudia Konieczna, Katarzyna Podsiadła

The current study examined the predictive role of specific coping strategies, in relation to depression severity, in a sample of elite athletes with a chronic physical injury.

Medical Science, 2025, 29, e71ms3563

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Lycopene in Prevention and Treatment of Civilization Diseases: A Literature Review

Aleksandra Paprocka, Karolina Kalinowska, Urszula Świrk, Paulina Fijałek, Jan Karczmarz, Marika Gutowska, Agnieszka Kosińska, Wiktoria Belcarz, Joanna Orzechowska, Michał Orzechowski

Lycopene is a chemical compound that occurs in red fruits and vegetables, such as tomatoes. Lycopene has potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Processes that influence the development of civilization diseases

Medical Science, 2025, 29, e72ms3585

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Treatment of depression comorbid with dementia among the elderly patients

Adrianna Witkowska, Julia Piotrowska, Aleksandra Łubińska-Kowalska, Adrianna Domańska, Krzysztof Julian Długosz, Antonina Teresa Witkowska, Barbara Anna Zapalska, Agata Żak- Gontarz, Aleksandra Minda, Justyna Janikowska, Monika Wendland

Depression is a frequently encountered comorbidity in individuals with dementia, posing significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Among older adult population, clinical manifestations often do not represent a typical phenotype of depressive symptoms

Medical Science, 2025, 29, e73ms3562

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The impact of tirzepatide on the development of pancreatitis: a literature review

Filip Maj, Anna Klasa, Justyna Gręda, Karol Mateusz Wojnarowski, Bartosz Zieliński

Background: Tirzepatide, a dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist is a new drug used in type 2 diabetes and obesity. However, concerns persist about its potential association with pancreatitis due to the expression of GLP-1 receptors in pancreatic cells

Medical Science, 2025, 29, e74ms3568

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Current Treatment Approaches for Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) – A Review

Patrycja Pysz, Kinga Świtała, Karolina Jałocha, Marek Borecki, Dominik Tomczak, Maria Mroczka, Agnieszka Czernecka, Justyna Kuciel, Kinga Erazmus, Roksana Hrapkowicz

SMA is an autosomal recessive neuromuscular disease characterized by progressive degeneration and loss of α-motor neurons in the spinal cord, leading to progressive muscle atrophy.

Medical Science, 2025, 29, e75ms3572

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The Role of Probiotics and Prebiotics in the Management of Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth - A review

Kinga Świtała, Patrycja Pysz, Marek Borecki, Karolina Jałocha, Justyna Kuciel, Maria Mroczka, Agnieszka Czernecka, Dominik Tomczak, Roksana Hrapkowicz, Kinga Erazmus

Introduction: Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) is defined as an excessive growth of bacteria in the small intestine. This condition impairs nutrient absorption and is associated with nonspecific gastrointestinal symptoms.

Medical Science, 2025, 29, e76ms3573

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Creative Commons License

© The Author(s) 2025. Open Access. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC BY 4.0).