Volume 28, Issue 150, August 2024

About the Cover

Hypothyroidism is a common condition affecting approximately 5% of the global population, with an estimated 5% remaining undiagnosed. This disease does not exclude the group of patients after bariatric surgery, the number of whom is constantly growing, posing new challenges to practitioners providing medical care to them. Bariatric patients previously treated for hypothyroidism should theoretically have their drug dosage reduced due to postoperative weight loss. In practice, it is often the opposite, and the doses are increased. In recent years, levothyroxine in the liquid form (LT4) was introduced for the treatment of hypothyroidism. Liquid levothyroxine, such as Tirosint SOL and Althyxin, has shown promising results, especially by improving absorption in bariatric patients. The present work contains the latest reports on the treatment of bariatric patients with liquid levothyroxine, focusing on such factors as the microbiome, polypharmacy, and the administration of proton pump inhibitors (PPI). It explains the mechanisms influencing the outcome of the above-mentioned medication.

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REVIEW

Using the liquid form of levothyroxine in patients after bariatric surgery: An overview of the latest knowledge

Karolina Szczerkowska, Justyna Chwiejczak, Aleksander Górny, Anna Seroka, Maria Rybicka, Jan Kościan, Julita Młynarska, Anna Wójcik, Jakub Langa, Michał Obrębski, Maria Mitkowska, Bartosz Górecki

Hypothyroidism is a common condition affecting approximately 5% of the global population, with an estimated 5% remaining undiagnosed. This disease does not exclude the group of patients after bariatric surgery, the number of whom is constantly growing, posing new challenges to practitioners providing medical care to them

Medical Science, 2024, 28, e89ms3402

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Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) accompanied by a pathologically enlarged pack of lymph nodes: A review

Anna Józefiak, Magdalena Szczepanik, Cezary Bochyński, Przemysław Hałasiński, Dominika Kropidłowska, Maciej Horbaczewski, Kinga Piela, Jolanta Mazurek, Gabriela Mazurek, Maria Myślicka, Patryk Góralski, Klaudia Włodarczyk

Introduction: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a relatively common lymphoma with an aggressive course. A complete cure is possible for this type of lymphoma. The etiology of this cancer is unknown, but a number of factors, including environmental factors, contribute to the onset of this disease

Medical Science, 2024, 28, e90ms3404

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Deciphering Cogan’s syndrome – unraveling the complexities of autoimmune ocular and vestibular inflammation

Natalia Paduszyńska, Anna Dąbrowska, Adrian Kruszewski, Barbara Wawrzyńska, Kacper Kwiliński

Cogan’s syndrome is an uncommon disorder marked by an inflammatory process that affects the eyes, inner ears, and systemic vasculitis. The complications of the disease can be severe, in extreme cases leading to loss of vision or hearing

Medical Science, 2024, 28, e91ms3408

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Strength training as a potential tool in reducing modifiable cardiovascular risk factors and comparison to aerobic exercise: Review study

Michał Bielecki, Agata Zapałowska, Adam Jaskulski, Dominika Kabała, Tymon Zatorski, Marcin Głód, Milena Szczepańska

Background: Cardiovascular diseases are a group of common ailments that are a leading cause of death worldwide. Various modifiable risk factors are identified, consisting of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity, and tobacco smoking

Medical Science, 2024, 28, e92ms3412

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Lyme borreliosis - review of the diagnosis and management in the multidisciplinary tick-borne disease

Anna Salińska, Piotr Węgrzyn, Konstancja Węgrzyn, Agnieszka Góra, Marcin Wasilewski, Maciej Nowicki, Julia Skwara, Dawid Barański, Natalia Dąbrowska, Gustaw Laskowski

Background: Lyme borreliosis is a tick-borne zoonotic disease caused by Borrelia burgdorferi spirochetes transmitted by Ixodes ticks. It is prevalent worldwide and spreads within one to two weeks, potentially causing erythema migrans and other symptoms

Medical Science, 2024, 28, e93ms3399

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Urological complications in the context of endometriosis: A review

Kinga Piela, Klaudia Włodarczyk, Maria Myślicka, Jolanta Mazurek, Gabriela Mazurek, Patryk Góralski, Cezary Bochyński, Anna Józefiak, Magdalena Szczepanik, Maciej Horbaczewski, Dominika Kropidłowska, Przemysław Hałasiński

Introduction: Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that occurs mainly in women of reproductive age. It can cause severe pelvic pain and make it difficult to get pregnant. The severity of symptoms and possible complications depend on the size and location of the lesions.

Medical Science, 2024, 28, e94ms3400

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Does supplement intake play a role in managing Attention- Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder symptoms in children and adults? – An overview of recent literature

Emilia Nagórska, Aleksandra Kublińska, Sylwia Mazur, Magdalena Madera, Agata Mazur, Aleksy Bizan, Krzysztof Marcinkowski, Karolina Strus, Roksana Zdunek, Natalia Dąbrowska

Introduction and objective: This review examines the role of supplements, such as vitamin D, zinc, magnesium, iron, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and probiotics, in managing various ADHD symptoms. It aims to identify possible alternatives or additions to commonly used treatments to improve the alleviation of the physiological signs of ADHD

Medical Science, 2024, 28, e95ms3409

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The relationship of chronic neuronal inflammation (neuroinflammation) to neurodegeneration is exemplified by Alzheimer's Disease and alternative therapeutic approaches: Narrative review

Agata Pisklak, Kinga Filipek, Hanna Behrendt, Marcin Głód, Marta Węgrzynek

Neuroinflammation is a crucial factor in the development of neurodegenerative disorders, particularly Alzheimer's Disease (AD), the focus of this review. AD is the most common cause of dementia and age-related cognitive impairment

Medical Science, 2024, 28, e96ms3416

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CASE REPORT

Reviving smiles: Periodontal care for a diabetic geriatric patient with tooth surface loss

Siti Nadia Rahimi, Nusaibah Sakinah Nordin

A compromised medical condition may affect the progression of periodontal disease due to the strong association between oral and systemic health. Uncontrolled diabetes can result in significant periodontal damage, potentially leading to severe complications such as tooth loss

Medical Science, 2024, 28, e97ms3397

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REVIEW

What is the impact of cold-water bathing and swimming on human health? Literature review

Jakub Langa, Maria Mitkowska, Michał Obrębski, Anna Wójcik, Jan Kościan, Justyna Chwiejczak, Aleksander Górny, Anna Seroka, Maria Rybicka, Julita Młynarska, Karolina Szczerkowska

Winter swimming has a long tradition that dates back to ancient times. In recent years, there has been an increase in interest in this activity in Poland and European countries. This review aims to present the positive and negative aspects of bathing and swimming in cold water.

Medical Science, 2024, 28, e98ms3379

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Diagnostic and treatment difficulties in a patient with anemia: Review with Glanzmann's Thrombasthenia

Anna Józefiak, Magdalena Szczepanik, Cezary Bochyński, Przemysław Hałasiński, Dominika Kropidłowska, Maciej Horbaczewski, Kinga Piela, Jolanta Mazurek, Gabriela Mazurek, Maria Myślicka, Patryk Góralski, Klaudia Włodarczyk

Introduction: Glanzmann's thrombasthenia (GT) is a rare disease inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. Qualitative or quantitative defect of the adhesive protein that binds to the platelet receptor in the coagulation process causes this disease. In most cases, symptoms appear in early childhood

Medical Science, 2024, 28, e99ms3403

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Oral contraception use and depression: Review

Dominika Kabała, Michał Bielecki, Adam Jaskulski, Marcin Głód, Milena Szczepańska, Agata Zapałowska, Tymon Zatorski

Background: Oral contraceptive pills are an effective and widely used method of contraception that offers various health benefits; however, their potential impact on mood and other depressive symptoms remains contentious

Medical Science, 2024, 28, e100ms3410

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ARTICLE

Prevalence of cosmetic and reconstructive procedures in King Fahad Hospital, Al-Baha

Mohammed Ibrahim, Adel Alghamdi, Abdullah Mohammed, Alaa Alzahrani, Khader Alghamdi, Faisal Alzahrani, Ahmed Khallufah

Background: The study aims to provide insights into the changing landscape of cosmetic treatment and understand the prevalence of specific diagnoses, types of procedures, and patient demographics in this regional healthcare setting

Medical Science, 2024, 28, e101ms3395

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The relationship between hypergonadotropic hypogonadism and gene variations? New mutations discovered by familial mutation screening and a review of the literature

Gülbahar Güzel Erdal, Mahmut Balkan

Hypergonadotropic ovarian failure with normal karyotype is a heterogeneously inherited disorder with Mendelian recessive inheritance in some cases. This condition is characterized by a wide range of clinical manifestations, ranging from primary amenorrhea associated with ovarian dysgenesis to post-pubertal secondary amenorrhea characterised by elevated gonadotropin levels and low estrogen levels.

Medical Science, 2024, 28, e102ms3401

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Trends of HBA1c and related side effects of dapagliflozin 10mg and semaglutide 1mg in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Khalid Alharbi, Eman Alharbi, Bader Altulaihi, Meshal Alhadlaq, Ali Alqobaisi, Khaled Alkhudhairi

Diabetes is a common disease characterized by impaired glycemic control in the body. High blood glucose readings are any fasting blood glucose more than or equal to 126 mg/dl, random blood glucose more than or equal to 200 mg/dl, or A1c level greater than or equal to 6.5%.

Medical Science, 2024, 28, e103ms3406

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REVIEW

Unstable pelvic trauma patient: Emergency department presentations, physical examination, and imaging: Systematic review

Moneef Ibrahim Almoneef, Amjaad Ibraheem Hawsawi, Bayan Abdulkarim Alsamaan, Tamim Khalid Abdullah Abdulrahim

Background: Patients with forceful trauma frequently have pelvic fractures, prompt and precise diagnosis can enhance patient outcomes. Whether physical examination are enough in this situation is still up for debate

Medical Science, 2024, 28, e104ms3319

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Electroconvulsive therapy versus intravenous ketamine as a novel treatment in depressive disorders: Review of the literature

Marcin Głód, Dominika Kabała, Adam Jaskulski, Agata Zapałowska, Michał Bielecki, Milena Szczepańska, Tymon Zatorski

Aim: In this review, we assessed the state of available knowledge regarding the antidepressant action of intravenous ketamine versus electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in randomized clinical trials and clinical trials.

Medical Science, 2024, 28, e105ms3425

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Towards understanding the role of physical activity on mental health among university students during COVID-19: Review

Rania N Almeheyawi

Several studies in previously published literature have approved the positive role of performing physical activity (PA) on mental health among university students before COVID-19. These studies have investigated the relationship between PA and mental health extensively under normal circumstances and have concluded similar results.

Medical Science, 2024, 28, e106ms3411

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ARTICLE

Trends in weight change pattern among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus using dapagliflozin 10mg and Semaglutide 1mg in King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Eman Alharbi, Khalid Alharbi, Mohammed AlSahly

Diabetes is a common disease characterized by impaired glycemic control in the body. We used a retrospective, chart review study design to collect the A1c readings in patients using Dapagliflozin 10mg. The total sample size was 107 participants. 57 participants were on Dapagliflozin, 33 on Semaglutide, and 17 were on a combination of Semaglutide and Dapagliflozin

Medical Science, 2024, 28, e107ms3405

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Dietary risk factors and trends of kidney stones in north Karnataka patients attending a urology clinic at tertiary care centerhospital- based study

Akshata Sangolli, Rajendra B Nerli, Shridhar C Ghagane

Introduction: The incidence of renal stones is estimated to be 13% - 15% in the past few decades and is constantly on the rise. The present study aims to find dietary risk factors and modify them as per the need, which is appealing to physicians

Medical Science, 2024, 28, e108ms3414

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Evaluation of knowledge, attitude and practices of oral health and hygiene among the future health care providers

Sara Shahid, Aqsa Malik, Eman Javed, Maryam Ayesha, Muhammad Fahad, Maryam Mughal, Areej Qamar, Mahdeem Qamar, Amna Bajwa, Rabeel Khan, Muhammad Zahid Iqbal

Background: Oral health is crucial for overall well-being, as it helps prevent dental diseases and reduces the risk of conditions like cavities, gum disease, and infections that can lead to more serious health issues.

Medical Science, 2024, 28, e109ms3424

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REVIEW

The role of diet and supplementation in the therapy of Hashimoto's disease: A systematic review

Natalia Zalewska, Alicja Baranowska, Katarzyna Baranowska, Filip Czyżewski, Jakub Kawka, Kinga Filipek, Michał Muciek, Waldemar Mrugała, Bartosz Skierkowski, Sebastian Mrugała

Introduction: Hashimoto's disease, also known as chronic autoimmune thyroiditis, is a common health problem affecting people worldwide. This review summarizes the latest scientific insights into how dietary factors affect symptom relief and thyroid function in patients with Hashimoto's Disease

Medical Science, 2024, 28, e110ms3418

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Unsuccessful surgical treatment with Kirschner wires grade 3 AC joint separation: A review

Cezary Bochyński, Dominika Kropidłowska, Anna Józefiak, Magdalena Szczepanik, Gabriela Mazurek, Patryk Góralski, Jolanta Mazurek

Introduction: The acromioclavicular joint is where the acromion, a part of the shoulder blade (scapula), meets the outer end of the collarbone (clavicle). This spherical joint allows for the lowering and raising of the scapula, its forward and backward extension, and rotational movements

Medical Science, 2024, 28, e111ms3420

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Impact of meat abstention on mental health. Review of literature

Hanna Behrendt, Marcin Głód, Kinga Filipek, Agata Pisklak, Marta Węgrzynek

Vegetarianism and veganism are concepts that are growing in popularity nowadays. Simultaneously, the prevalence of mental health disorders, especially depression and anxiety disorders, is rapidly increasing

Medical Science, 2024, 28, e112ms3423

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Exploring the therapeutic potential of beta blockers in psychiatry: Review study

Adam Jaskulski, Dominika Kabała, Michał Bielecki, Agata Zapałowska, Tymon Zatorski, Milena Szczepańska, Marcin Głód

Introduction: Beta-blockers, primarily used for cardiovascular conditions, have attracted attention for their potential benefits in psychiatry. Their ability to influence sympathetic nervous system activity makes them candidates for adjunctive treatment in various psychiatric disorders, including aggression, anxiety disorders, and withdrawal syndromes

Medical Science, 2024, 28, e113ms3429

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The role of environmental factors in the etiopathogenesis of Autism Spectrum Disorders: A review article

Katarzyna Baranowska, Alicja Baranowska, Filip Czyżewski, Kinga Filipek, Jakub Kawka, Michał Muciek, Sebastian Mrugała, Waldemar Mrugała, Bartosz Skierkowski, Natalia Zalewska

Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) are neurodevelopmental disorders typically manifesting in early childhood. According to the ICD-11 ASD diagnosis relies on a dyad of symptoms: Deficits in social interaction and repetitive behavioral patterns

Medical Science, 2024, 28, e114ms3431

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Genital lichen planus and lichen sclerosus - seemingly similar and yet different

Anna Seroka, Maria Rybicka, Aleksander Górny, Jan Kościan, Julita Młynarska, Anna Wójcik, Maria Mitkowska, Jakub Langa, Michał Obrębski, Karolina Szczerkowska, Justyna Chwiejczak

Genital lichen planus and lichen sclerosis are chronic autoimmune inflammatory dermatological diseases that affect both men and women. These two conditions are serious and challenging, significantly reducing the quality of daily life.

Medical Science, 2024, 28, e115ms3421

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Nutcracker Syndromecompressed literature review

Piotr Węgrzyn, Konstancja Węgrzyn, Natalia Dąbrowska, Gustaw Laskowski, Maciej Nowicki, Agnieszka Góra, Anna Salińska, Julia Skwara, Dawid Barański, Marcin Wasilewski

The Nutcracker Syndrome (NCS) is a rare and ununderstood condition. The leading cause is the compression of the left renal vein (LRV), which can lead to symptoms such as hematuria, left flank pain, or proteinuria. Other rare symptoms, such as hypertension and headaches, have also been reported.

Medical Science, 2024, 28, e116ms3433

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ARTICLE

Phylogenetic analysis of SARSCoV- 2 strains from different countries: Insights into genetic variation

Muhammad Sajid Mustafa, Farrakh Mehmood Alvi, Nabeela Jabeen, Nasir Ali, Ansa Ijaz, Sadia Arshad, Ramsha Aamir, Muhammad Abid Mustafa, Namra Rasheed, Muhammad Zahid Iqbal

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was found in Wuhan, China, in November 2019. The World Health Organization proclaimed the illness a global pandemic. Aim and Objectives: This study determined mutations over a period of time in SARS-CoV-2 variants from different countries and the phylogenetic relationship between them

Medical Science, 2024, 28, e117ms3427

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Prevalence and factors contributing to needle stick injuries among healthcare workers at acute care hospital in central Saudi Arabia

Ashraf E Saad, Noorain Jasli

Background: Needle sticks and sharp injuries (NSIs) are significant occupational hazards for healthcare workers. Objectives: To identify the factors contributing to NSIs among healthcare workers at Armed Forces Hospital Wadi Al Dawasir (AFHWD), Saudi Arabia.

Medical Science, 2024, 28, e118ms3428

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REVIEW

Addressing patient concerns: Exploring Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) in primary care: Review of the literature

Tymon Zatorski, Milena Szczepańska, Dominika Kabała, Marcin Głód, Adam Jaskulski, Agata Zapałowska, Michał Bielecki

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) is a proven treatment for severe mental health disorders, yet it remains misunderstood and stigmatized. This review explores ECT's historical context, mechanisms of action, clinical efficacy, and safety to address patient concerns and enhance primary care acceptance.

Medical Science, 2024, 28, e119ms3430

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Difficulties in the clinical diagnosis of intestinal-vesical fistula: A review

Anna Józefiak, Magdalena Szczepanik, Cezary Bochyński, Dominika Kropidłowska, Maciej Horbaczewski, Jolanta Mazurek, Gabriela Mazurek, Patryk Góralski

Introduction: An intestinal-vesical fistula, also known as an enterovesical fistula, is an abnormal connection between the intestine and the bladder. This pathological connection allows the contents of the intestine to pass the bladder and can cause various symptoms and complications.

Medical Science, 2024, 28, e120ms3419

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