Volume 30, Issue 174, August 2026 (Forthcoming Issue)

About the Cover

Migraine is a common neurological disorder associated with substantial disability. Advances in understanding its pathophysiology have led to the development of therapies, such as monoclonal antibodies directed against calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) or its receptor. This review focused on the efficacy and safety of anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies in preventing episodic and chronic migraine. A PubMed search was performed for studies published from January 2016 to January 2026. Anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies reduce monthly migraine days. They also improve responder rates compared with placebo, and they maintain generally favorable safety profiles. However, the treatment effect is moderate, and a substantial placebo response has been consistently observed across trials. Indirect evidence suggests broadly comparable efficacy among available antibodies, whereas the main differences relate to route of administration, dosing schedule, and tolerability. Anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies are an important option in migraine prevention, especially for patients who do not respond to or cannot tolerate other preventive therapies. Further research is needed to better define their long-term safety and effectiveness compared with other treatments, and their optimal role in individualized treatment strategies.

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REVIEW

Efficacy and safety of anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide monoclonal antibodies in episodic and chronic migraine prevention: A narrative review

Zuzanna Irzyk, Dominika Ruszel, Emilia Goc, Julia Rogała, Katarzyna Markuszka, Kinga Polityńska, Klaudia Samuła, Martyna Sarzyńska, Mateusz Szabat, Sylwia Lepak

Migraine is a common neurological disorder associated with substantial disability. Advances in understanding its pathophysiology have led to the development of therapies, such as monoclonal antibodies

Medical Science, 2026, 30, e141ms3874

Abstract | PDF

Ketamine and esketamine for treatment-resistant depression: A systematic review of published studies

Julia Rogała, Kinga Polityńska, Dominika Ruszel, Martyna Sarzyńska, Klaudia Samuła, Emilia Goc, Katarzyna Markuszka, Sylwia Lepak, Zuzanna Irzyk, Mateusz Szabat

Treatment-resistant depression occurs in roughly one-third of individuals diagnosed with depression. Ketamine and esketamine have appeared as innovative antidepressant treatments that target the glutamatergic system

Medical Science, 2026, 30, e142ms3863

Abstract | PDF

Mechanisms, risk factors and management of cardiovascular adverse effects of antidepressants and antipsychotics - a literature review

Przemysław Paduch, Lena Apanowicz, Patrycja Białowąs, Zofia Bułka, Klaudia Czech, Klaudia Gogól-Fijał, Klaudia Kapelka, Dawid Kłos, Duszan Leja, Stanisław Malik, Joanna Mazur, Zuzanna Michalik, Kaja Zdrojewska

Mental disorders represent a major burden to public health worldwide, while cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death among patients with these mental disorders

Medical Science, 2026, 30, e143ms3928

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Artificial intelligence in bone age assessment for orthodontic treatment planning: a review of current evidence

Erwin Górski, Amelia Sobanek, Filip Szewczyk, Jakub Deptuch, Weronika Kubiak, Aleksandra Wyciślok, Justyna Koziarska, Aleksandra Pietrzyk, Zuzanna Szczerba

Background: The accurate timing of orthodontic intervention depends primarily on assessment of a patient's residual growth potential. Conventional diagnostic approaches, such as cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) analysis

Medical Science, 2026, 30, e144ms3943

Abstract | PDF