Volume 29, Issue 166, December 2025 (Forthcoming Issue)

About the Cover

Extrapulmonary tuberculosis mimicking ovarian cancer poses a significant diagnostic problem. The intraoperative examinations determine diagnosis. Antituberculous drugs are initiated far too late. There is no factor differentiating these two diseases. Nonspecific symptoms such as chronic lower abdominal pain, flatulence, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, and weight are common to both conditions, but do not raise the suspicion of tuberculosis in the first instance. Genital bleeding, fever, and increasing ascites, especially in patients with risk factors, should prompt a widening of the diagnosis to include a possible TB aetiology. An increase in CA-125 levels is also not tumour-specific. The presence of a lymphocytic exudate in the peritoneal fluid, the absence of malignant cells, and elevated ADA levels are essential clues in the diagnosis of peritoneal tuberculosis, even in the absence of bacteriological confirmation. A review of the available literature was conducted to identify factors that could suggest tuberculosis in these patients and allow for a precise preoperative diagnosis, thereby accelerating the initiation of anti-tuberculosis therapy. Laparoscopy enables the collection of biopsy samples and facilitates an accurate histopathological diagnosis. However, the question remains whether a tuberculous aetiology can be considered earlier to allow for timely treatment.

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REVIEW

Ovarian cancer or extraperitoneal tuberculosis? Is a fast and pertinent diagnosis possible?

Miłosz Włodarczyk, Patrycja Wójcikiewicz, Gabriela Zakrzewska, Maria Materek, Kajetan Kowalski, Rafał Tarkowski, Krzysztof Kułak

Extrapulmonary tuberculosis mimicking ovarian cancer poses a significant diagnostic problem. The intraoperative examinations determine diagnosis. Antituberculous drugs are initiated far too late.

Medical Science, 2025, 29, e221ms3732

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Immunotherapy of Melanoma – Current State of Knowledge and Future Perspectives

Dominika Wiśniewska, Arkadiusz Jamro, Dominik Jucha, Michał Klimas, Martyna Winiarska, Sabina Krupa-Nurcek

Introduction: In recent years, understanding how the immune system responds to cancer cells have greatly shaped in development of new therapies for ontological diseases, including advanced melanoma

Medical Science, 2025, 29, e222ms3721

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Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection – risk factors, mechanisms of carcinogenesis and modern prevention strategies for cervical cancer - a narrative review

Katarzyna Bielawska, Wiktoria Julia Auguścik, Aleksandra Tlak

Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide, despite the availability of preventive and diagnostic methods. Progression to cancerous changes takes a long time. Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) plays a crucial role, but not the only one.

Medical Science, 2025, 29, e223ms3736

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CASE REPORT

A Case of Thyrotoxic Periodic Paralysis (TPP) with Severe Hypokalemia: Diagnostic Challenges and Management

Ghadah Sulaiman Alsaleh, Mamoun Bani Ali, Albaraa Mustafa Mehdar

Background and Objectives: Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis (TPP) is a life threatening complication of hyperthyroidism, characterized by sudden onset muscle weakness and profound hypokalemia.

Medical Science, 2025, 29, e224ms3767

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REVIEW

Health Effects of E-Cigarettes and Other Alternative Nicotine Delivery Systems in Sport

Alicja Trybuła, Krzysztof Pawlikowski, Michał Korpalski, Maria Pawluczyk, Marek Żygłowicz, Mateusz Marciniak, Adam Torbicki, Piotr Gaworek, Dominik Augustyn

In recent years, the popularity of alternative nicotine delivery systems (ANDS)— including electronic cigarettes, heated tobacco products (HTPs), nicotine pouches, snus, and nicotine gums—has rapidly increased, particularly among adolescents and young adults

Medical Science, 2025, 29, e225ms3765

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The role of genetic diagnosis in the prevention of Paget's Disease of Bone Type 3 - A review of the literature

Żanna Gawrysz, Joanna Gaik, Stanisław Derewjanko, Karolina Capar, Julia Woźniak, Zofia Cholewa

Paget's disease of bone is a chronic condition that affects the typical structure and turnover of specific bones. Inherited forms, especially type 3, are commonly associated with mutations in the SQSTM1 gene.

Medical Science, 2025, 29, e226ms3686

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From diagnosis to therapy: Mavacamten as a breakthrough approach in the treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Małgorzata Bacik, Klaudia Głodowska, Kacper Kiereta, Zuzanna Cichowska, Kinga Piela, Jakub Żelazo, Katarzyna Wacławek, Aleksandra Rechcińska, Anna Ciesielka, Laura Chmielowiec, Bartłomiej Józef Rdzanek

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most often genetically determined heart muscle disease – has very complex etiopathogenesis and considerable phenotypic variability

Medical Science, 2025, 29, e227ms3729

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Postpartum Depression: Risk Factors, Child Outcomes, and Treatment Approaches - A Systematic Review

Barbara Przybył, Natalia Cegielska, Patrycja Anita Kobrzyńska, Aleksandra Korżel, Jędrzej Mogilany, Julia Niedźwiecka, Karolina Górowska, Ewelina Wojna, Kamil Źródłowski

Postpartum depression is a mental disorder that affects approximately 10-20% of women after childbirth. Despite such high prevalence, the exact etiology is unknown

Medical Science, 2025, 29, e228ms3781

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Phenotypic variability in von Hippel-Lindau disease, efficacy of therapy, and prognosis. A review of the literature

Żanna Gawrysz, Stanisław Derewjanko, Karolina Capar, Joanna Gaik, Julia Woźniak, Zofia Cholewa

Von Hippel-Lindau disease is an inherited cancer predisposition that occurs due to an incorrect structure or a lack of the von Hippel-Lindau protein. Von Hippel-Lindau disease is known to have a noteworthy phenotypic variability and an elevated risk of developing tumors

Medical Science, 2025, 29, e229ms3682

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The effect of sleep quality on the development of obesity and insulin resistance - a review of current data

Agnieszka Kowalska, Milena Kędzierska, Michał Biernacki, Michał Wójcicki

Complex neuroendocrine mechanisms underlie the relationship between sleep disturbances and an increased risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes

Medical Science, 2025, 29, e230ms3745

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Outcomes of early versus delayed intervention in emergency department patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome: a systematic review

Mazi Mohammed Alanazi, Raghad Mohammed Ghabban, Mohammed Obaid Alharbi

Background: For non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE ACS), guidelines endorse an invasive strategy, but the optimal timing (immediate, early, or delayed) is debated, especially for emergency department (ED) pathways

Medical Science, 2025, 29, e231ms3753

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The association between magnesium deficiency and the occurrence of anxiety disorders

Milena Kędzierska, Agnieszka Kowalska, Michał Wójcicki, Michał Biernacki

Magnesium (Mg) is a key mineral for mental health. Its deficiencies are common and may be linked to anxiety disorders. This paper reviews the evidence and mechanisms explaining this relationship.

Medical Science, 2025, 29, e232ms3761

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Visual symptoms in migraine

Natalia Cegielska, Karolina Górowska, Patrycja Anita Kobrzyńska, Aleksandra Korżel, Jędrzej Mogilany, Julia Niedźwiecka, Barbara Katarzyna Przybył, Ewelina Roksana Wojna, Kamil Źródłowski

Migraine is a condition characterized by recurrent headache. Visual aura (VA) is the most common migraine aura. VA symptoms divide into two groups: positive and negative

Medical Science, 2025, 29, e233ms3784

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