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Volume 10, Issue 24, February 2014

About the Cover

Agro wastes are the most abundantly available source of lignocelluloses. Rice straw is one of the most abundant agricultural by- products throughout the world. It generally contains approximately 39% cellulose, 27% hemicellulose and 12% lignin. Cellulose and hemicelluloses present in rice straw can be degraded by the use of microorganisms, this enzymatic hydrolysis can be enhanced by chemical and physical techniques, which yield fermentable sugars. In this study, optimisation of the chemical and physical parameters for lingo cellulolysis on rice straw with Bacillus pumilus was investigated for obtaining maximum amount of reducing sugars which could be used for bioethanol production. The physical parameters were pH, Incubation Temperature, High Temperature and the chemical parameters were Acid, Ammonium nitrate and Maltose Concentration. The optimised conditions obtained for the microorganism and the substrate rice straw was at pH-4.0, Incubation Temperature-25ºC, High Temperature- 200ºC, Acid-0.9%, Ammonium nitrate-0.5%, Maltose-2.0%.

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DISCOVERY OF THE MONTH

In February 11, 1808: Anthracite coal is first burned & discovered as a heating fuel

Brindha V

Anthracite is a hard natural coal that burns slowly and gives intense heat. It is a hard, compact variety of mineral coal that has a high lustre. It has the highest carbon count and contains the fewest impurities of all coals, despite its lower calorific content. Anthracite coal is the highest of the metamorphic rank, in which the carbon content is between 92% and 98%. Anthracite ignites with difficulty and burns with a short, blue, and smokeless flame.

Discovery, 2014, 10(24), 6

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RESEARCH

In-vitro analysis of physical and chemical parameters of rice straw to produce high amount of reducing sugars

Prasad MP, Rekha Sethi

Agro wastes are the most abundantly available source of lignocelluloses. Rice straw is one of the most abundant agricultural by-products throughout the world. It generally contains approximately 39% cellulose, 27% hemicellulose and 12% lignin. Cellulose and hemicelluloses present in rice straw can be degraded by the use of microorganisms, this enzymatic hydrolysis can be enhanced by chemical and physical techniques, which yield fermentable sugars.

Discovery, 2014, 10(24), 7-12

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