Volume 30, Issue 167, January 2026 (Forthcoming Issue)

About the Cover

Imbalanced redox homeostasis, known as oxidative stress (OS), underpins the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Because of their high oxygen consumption and postmitotic state, neurons are exceptionally prone to injury by reactive oxygen species (ROS). This review aims to analyze the evidence for the role of oxidative stress in the development of AD, from its molecular basis to clinical implications. A review of the literature (including PubMed over the last 13 years) indicates that mitochondrial dysfunction, the principal source of ROS in the cell, is a central and early phenomenon that may even precede classic Aβ pathology. The stress generated enters a vicious cycle with the Aβ peptide; Aβ itself (especially in complexes with metals) can generate ROS, which in turn intensifies its aggregation. OS also promotes tau hyperphosphorylation, leading to the formation of NFTs. The effects of this cascade are multi-level: from lipid peroxidation and membrane damage (e.g., by HNE), through protein oxidation resulting in an energy crisis, to nucleic acid damage, with particular sensitivity of mtDNA. The result is a breakdown of calcium homeostasis and excitotoxicity, leading to neuronal death. Despite such a strong theoretical basis, translating this knowledge into effective clinical interventions has proven problematic.

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REVIEW

The impact of chronic oxidative stress on the development of Alzheimer's disease

Agnieszka Kowalska, Milena Kędzierska, Michał Biernacki, Justyna Gręda, Michał Wójcicki

Imbalanced redox homeostasis, known as oxidative stress (OS), underpins the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Because of their high oxygen consumption and postmitotic state, neurons are exceptionally prone to injury by reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Medical Science, 2026, 30, e1ms3756

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Modern methods of prostate cancer treatment – current state of knowledge and prospects for development

Justyna Gręda, Agnieszka Kowalska, Milena Kędzierska, Michał Biernacki, Michał Wójcicki

Introduction: Prostate cancer is the most common type of cancer in men around the world. It can be treated in various ways, but this approach may change over time.

Medical Science, 2026, 30, e2ms3760

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Oxidative stress as a therapeutic target in atopic dermatitis: A systematic review

Monika Paszkowska, Klaudia Mularczyk, Tadeusz Kuźnieców, Łukasz Karaban, Patrycja Znamirowska, Anna Jakubiak, Joanna Miśkiewicz, Magdalena Kupis, Aleksandra Ciuła, Michał Borawski

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, non-infectious disease that most often begins in childhood. It is characterized by itchy erythematous lesions located mainly on the flexural surfaces, as well as dry skin and lichenification

Medical Science, 2026, 30, e3ms3728

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Emergency medical transport and critical interventions in aviation medicine: A systematic review

Mazi Mohammed Alanazi, Bedoor khalid alshabibi, Razan Mohammad Almokri

Background: In flight medical events (IMEs) and aircrew health issues pose distinctive challenges in commercial aviation. We aimed to synthesize contemporary evidence on IME epidemiology, onboard interventions and outcomes

Medical Science, 2026, 30, e4ms3752

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Evaluation of Novel Biomarkers in Early Detection of Type 2 Diabetes: Review of the literature

Karolina Górowska, Natalia Cegielska, Patrycja Anita Kobrzyńska, Aleksandra Korżel, Jędrzej Mogilany, Julia Niedźwiecka, Barbara Katarzyna Przybył, Ewelina Wojna, Kamil Źródłowski, Gabriela Ragan

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a tremendous global health challenge, caused mainly by a sedentary lifestyle and constantly rising obesity rates. Early recognition of individuals at risk is significant to prevent complications

Medical Science, 2026, 30, e5ms3796

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Knowledge about the use of overthe- counter painkillers in society

Dominik Jucha, Dominika Wiśniewska, Martyna Winiarska, Michał Klimas, Arkadiusz Jamro, Sabina Krupa-Nurcek

Background: Modern society is increasingly reaching for over-the-counter (OTC) painkillers, treating them as a quick and convenient solution in the fight against everyday pain.

Medical Science, 2026, 30, e6ms3763

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Exploring the relationship between job autonomy and stress among staff nurses: A systematic review

Mohammed Abdullah Alrasheedi, Dhakir Abbas Ali, Hafizah Che Hassan

Autonomy will allow nurses to control their workload, make meaningful choices, and alter their timeframes, which will contribute to job satisfaction and reduce burnout.

Medical Science, 2026, 30, e7ms3742

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