Volume 26, Issue 123, May 2022

About the Cover

Background: loss of smell is a common symptom of coronavirus infections. Studies have shown that patients following recovery from COVID-19 develop olfactory dysfunction which can persist for an extended period. The purpose of this study is to assess the long-term olfactory dysfunction and its associated factors in individuals with a history of infection COVID-19 infection, as well as the impact of olfactory dysfunction on quality of life in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A questionnaire based cross-sectional study was conducted targeting individuals with a history of COVID-19 infection. Results: A total of 174 participants were included in this study. The percentage of anosmia, hyposmia, parosmia, and phantosmia among the participants was 11.5%, 37.4%, 40.8%, and 33.3% respectively. Parosmia was significantly associated with olfactory training (Pvalue= 0.019). Olfactory training and age group from 46 to 55 years were showed significant association with phantosmia (ghost odors) (P-value= 0.008, 0.012) respectively. 28.7% of participants reported that their smell sense problems caused them to eat less than previously, and 21.8% reported that they ate out less. 13.8% stated that their smell sense issues have a negative impact on their daily social activities, and according to 5.2%, changes in the smell sense isolated them socially. Conclusion: Long-term olfactory dysfunction was shown to be common among individuals who had a history of COVID-19 infection

Table of Contents

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ANALYSIS

Colostrum knowledge among mothers in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Khalid Almahmoud, Abdulaziz Almousa, Lama Albalawi, Renad Althobaiti, Abdulrahman Alothman, Rheem Almhizai

Background: Colostrum is a secretion produced by a mother's mammary glands days before birth and lasts for a few more after. Colostrum is rich in various immunologic and nutritional content and is essential for the newborn

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms156e2260

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COVID-19 infection related olfactory dysfunction in Saudi Arabia: Community-based study

Waleed A AlHazmi, Arwa A Alodheilah, Sarah S Aldharman, Hamza A Alandijani, Maram M Alhati, Gharam M Alsalmi, Rayan N Alahmadi, Sama M Alnafessah

Background: loss of smell is a common symptom of coronavirus infections. Studies have shown that patients following recovery from COVID-19 develop olfactory dysfunction which can persist for an extended period.

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms157e2161

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CASE REPORT

A case report of transilluminant swelling in the neck a rare presentation in adult

Raghupathy Thirunavikkarasu, Magesh, Abhirama R

Cavernous lymphangioma is a lymphatic vessel proliferative disorder resulting from abnormal lymphatic system development. As a congenital lesion, cystic hygroma is rather prevalent in children than in older age group

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms158e1992

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Pulmonary inflammatory pseudo tumor in a severe superimposed pneumonia patient with Sars-Cov-2

Thanh Van Phan-Nguyen, The Anh Nguyen, Duc Minh Nguyen, Tuan Vu Nguyen

Background: COVID-19 is known to induce a wide range of symptoms, most likely as a result of fast respiratory deterioration, which leads to rapid decompensation of the patient's clinical condition

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms159e2213

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RESEARCH

Assessment of global DNA methylation in peripheral blood of type 2 diabetic patients

Amjad Yousuf

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a challenge to global health. About 400 million people are affected globally, and this figure is expected to skyrocket steeply in the coming decades.

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms160e2249

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ANALYSIS

Infants’ swaddling practice in Jazan region: Medical students’ knowledge and perspectives

Ebtihal Eltyeb, Najwa Dahas, Njoud Osaysi, Maram Alshaikhi, Abdullah Ghazwani, Fatimah Ageeli

Background: Swaddling entails tightly covering an infant in a blanket, leaving just the head exposed. Swaddling is a common practice among Saudi mothers, but the risks and benefits between the practitioners received little attention.

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms161e2174

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Prevalence of Alopecia Areata and associated diseases in Hail Region, Saudi Arabia

Fawwaz Farih Alshammarie, Wael Saleh Alanazi, Sara Abdullah Aledaili, Turki Saad Aljuhani, Faisal Fahad Alshammari

Background: Alopecia areata (AA) is a multifactorial inflammatory autoimmune disease which causes pattern baldness on scalp and other body parts. Although it is not a life threating condition it affects a person physiological health

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms162e2184

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Assessment of acceptance, barriers, and facilitators of e-learning among trainees of Saudi board of preventive medicine during covid-19 pandemic

Osama M Almutairi, Marwan A Bakarman, Hani A. Alghamdi

Introduction: When the COVID-19 emerged, and lockdowns were imposed, e-learning was adopted as an alternative teaching method. Our study aimed to assess e-learning acceptance facilitators and barriers among trainees of the Saudi Board of Preventive Medicine (SBPM) during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms163e2191

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CASE REPORT

Unusual Snake bite complications in a 70 year-old woman: A case Report

Fahad Khalid ALQuwaiay, Hessa Abdullah Alshammari, Abdulhafeez Osman Eltoum, Hani Abdulrahman Almutairi, Jaser Sultan Alshamari, Hussain Gadelkarim Ahmed

Introduction: Snake venoms trigger a range of potentially fatal clinical toxicity syndromes. These include coagulopathy and associated hemorrhage, thrombotic microangiopathy, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, acute kidney injury, and neurotoxicity.

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms164e2263

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The bad contretemps causes mid-shaft tibia and fibula fracture with traumatic amputation of 2nd toe: A case report

Neha N Bhagdewani, Madhu G Lakhwani, Pratik A Phansopkar

Background: The most complicated type of open bone fracture is a tibia-fibula diaphyseal fracture and an average of twenty percent mid-age with eight % affection of elderly.

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms165e2137

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Physiotherapy approach for well-differentiated squamous cell carcinomas of upper anterior alveolus: A case report

Sakshi K Kariya, Nikita H Seth, Shubhangi Patil

HNCs are the sixth most prevalent type of cancer in the globe oral squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) account for more than half of all reported neck and head cancers, with an estimated 3.1 million cases diagnosed each year and is responsible for 3% of all cancer deaths

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms166e2185

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Impact of balance retraining and electrotherapy modality on unilateral osteoarthritis of knee - Case report

Medhavi Vivek Joshi, Pratik Arun Phansopkar

Osteoarthritis of knee is a condition that leads to painful joints if left untreated. Its development in the early stages of life due to excessive weight bearing, sedentary life style and early articular cartilage destruction has made it one of the major disabling arthritic conditions

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms167e2142

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REPORT

Evaluation of the association between progesterone levels on the day of HCG injection and the clinical outcomes of IVF treatment cycles in infertile women

Masoumeh Rezaei, Fariba Seyedoshohadaei, Nasrin Soufizadeh, Mohamad Jafar Rezaei, Tayyebe Ghazavi

Introduction: Progesterone has a major role in menstrual cycles as well as implantation of fertilized oocytes and induction of pregnancy, but its effects on controlled ovarian stimulation cycles are still debated.

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms168e2120

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CASE REPORT

Physiotherapy rehabilitation post posterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture with emphasis on relaxation techniques for anxiety - A case report

Mayuri Zoting, Medhavi Vivek Joshi, Pratik Arun Phansopkar

Posterior Cruciate Ligament avulsion fracture from its attachment at tibia is a rare occurrence and accounts for only a small percentage of injuries related to the ligaments of the knee.

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms169e2138

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A case report on the perks of physiotherapy rehabilitation for restoring facial function following parotidectomy paralysis

Tasneem Mustafa Lakkadsha, Shubhangi Patil, Rupali Thorat, Shivani Satish Lalwani, Sakina Shoeb Hussain Saifee

Bell's palsy and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain are uncommon post-parotidectomy, but they should be handled as soon as feasible to avoid lasting deformities and disability.

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms170e2207

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The predictive validity of comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation in patient with usual interstitial pneumonia and concomitant respiratory complications: A case study

Neha N Bhagdewani, Rashmi Walke, Anam R Sasun

Usual interstitial pneumonia is the most frequent and fatal of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias which had a radiological and/or histological characteristic.

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms171e2214

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Pre-operative physiotherapy impact in early post -operative recovery in a case of bilateral avascular necrosis secondary to sickle cell disease in rural India - Case report

Nikita Hitesh Seth, Medhavi Vivek Joshi, Pratik Arun Phansopkar

An inherited disorder of red blood cell, Sickle cell disease is characterized by inadequate amount of healthy red blood cells in the blood to therefore reducing the body’s oxygen carrying capacity.

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms172e2139

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ANALYSIS

Evaluation of infection and immunity in children of mothers with HBS antigen

Manijeh Jozpanahi, Zahra Hatami, Samira Akbarieh, Pegah Saeed, Nooshin Jalili

Introduction: One of the main chronic diseases in developing countries is Hepatitis B, which is of particular importance due to the underlying cirrhosis of the liver and hepatocellular carcinoma

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms173e2095

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REPORT

Possibilities of using polarizing microscopy for diagnosing pathological conditions of heart muscle

Viacheslav Voronov

Introduction: A powerful technological breakthrough in recent decades has provided instrumental solutions to important medical problems.

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms174e2093

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CASE REPORT

Rehabilitating a patient with ischemic stroke & epileptic disorder: A case report

Pratik Raman Jaiswal, Ragini Dadgal, Moh’d Irshad Qureshi, Pallavi Harjpal

Strokes are among the leading causes of serious physical and mental impairment in adults. The far more prevalent type of stroke is ischemic stroke, which accounts for around 80% of all cases.

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms175e2231

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Physiotherapeutic rehabilitation following JESS Fixator-treated proximal phalanx fracture along with isolated medial malleolar fracture - A case report

Sakshi Palkrit, Madhu Lakhwani, Pratik Phansopkar

Compared to other fractures, for instance, the tri-, bi-, and lateral malleolar fractures, isolated medial malleolar fractures are rare. Their annual incidence varies from 107 to 187 per 100,000 persons.

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms176e2212

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Complex regional pain syndrome with radial nerve palsy: A multimodal rehabilitation approach

Sakina Shoeb Hussain Saifee, Medhavi Vivek Joshi, Pratik Arun Phansopkar, Tasneem Lakkadsha, Shivani Lalwani

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a type of neuropathic pain that is most commonly triggered by upper extremity injuries or surgery.

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms177e2204

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Rehabilitation of a 75 year old female with Boyd and Griffin type 3 intertrochanteric fracture left side due to slip and fall along with right knee flexion deformity: A case report

Purva Mundada, Madhu Lakhwani, Pratik Phansopkar

Intertrochanteric (IT) fractures are one of the most frequently encountered fractures in geriatric osteoporotic patients, and they are usually caused by trivial trauma such as a slip and fall.

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms178e2186

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Novel physiotherapeutic approach for multiple fractures of lower limb managed by osteosynthesis plating and external fixator: a case report

Anam Rajendra Sasun, Madhu Lakhwani, Pratik Phansopkar

Introduction: As substantial force is required to create lower extremity fractures, both femur and tibia/fibula fractures are typical outcomes of large, high-energy trauma

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms179e2144

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Impact of multidisciplinary approach in managing pott spine - A case report

Madhu Lakhwani, Anushka Raipure, Nikita Seth, Pratik Phansopkar

In approximately 40 to 50 % of tuberculosis cases, Pott's spine is the commonest musculoskeletal manifestation. Impoverished nutrition, addiction, the introduction of drug-resistant tuberculosis strains, ineffective tuberculosis control efforts, overcrowding, and increased migration

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms180e2192

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ANALYSIS

A randomized control trial of the effectiveness of online Mindfulness-Based Cancer recovery program on psychological wellbeing, caregiver burden and resilience in cancer patients’ caregivers

Ahmad Yousefi, Parastoo Naeimijoo, Mojtaba Ghadiany, Maryam Aslzaker Lighvan, Maryam Bakhtiyari, Abbas Masjedi Arani

Background: Living with cancer patients causes a lot of psychological sufferings to their caregivers. Many caregivers lose their resilience and experience periods of mental distress during the long and tumultuous period of treatment

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms181e2098

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Pattern of acute appendicitis during COVID 19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia

Boshra Abdullah Alzahrani, Norah Sami Aljuhani, Saeed Abdullah Alzahrani, Abdalmajid Maezi Alanezi, Rakan Hamoud Alsukaybi, Khalid Rahil Alanazi, Halima Mustafa Elagib, Saadeldin Ahmed Idris

Background: As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, acute appendicitis manipulation approaches as well as patient outcomes have been altered. Aim: To determine if the COVID-19 pandemic has an impact on complications among acute appendicitis patients matched to the pre-COVID-19 period

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms182e2265

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Evaluation of the effects of intravenous magnesium sulphate on haemodynamic parameters in patients undergoing laproscopic cholecystectomy

Eshana Rasheed, Anjali Modak, Neeta Verma, Sheetal Madavi, Nikhil Bhalerao

Background: Within a decade since the first case of laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed, it had become the gold standard for managing acute cholecystitis.

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms183e2236

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CASE REPORT

Rehabilitation of a sub-trochanteric fracture of a 43-year-old male with a permanent disability of right lower limb: a case report

Sakshi K Kariya, Shivani Rajesh Utamchandani, Pratik Arun Pansopkar

Sub-trochanteric fractures occur between the lesser trochanter and 5cm distally on the proximal femoral neck. These fractures contribute for around 7% to 34% of all femur fractures.

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms184e2162

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Improving outcomes as a result of early inpatient cardiac rehabilitation in a child undergone surgical repair for congenital heart disease: A single case study

Sanika Pravin Gade, Moli Jai Jain, Pallavi Rajeshwar Bhakaney, Vishnu Diwakar Vardhan, Vaishnavi Dilip Yadav

Congenital heart disease is a term used to describe a set of congenital defects that affect the heart's ability to function effectively. It is one of the most common birth disorders, with an estimated prevalence of 10% present in population

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms185e2206

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Emphasizing temporomandibular joint function with clinical and home based physiotherapy after surgical resection of a parapharyngeal schwannoma: A case report

Pratik Raman Jaiswal, Priyanka Telang, Prasad Pramod Dhage

Tumors involving the parapharyngeal space are rare. This category accounts for about 0.5 percent of all head and neck tumors. Schwannomas encircling the higher parapharyngeal space (PPS) are complicated and complex abrasions

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms186e2241

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Combining graded motor imagery and traditional physical therapy regimens in postoperative lumbar canal stenosis- A case study

Nikita Kachhwani, Madhu Lakhwani, Pratik Phansopkar

Lumbar Spinal stenosis which is the narrowing of the central canal might be part of a generalized disease process that affects several sections of the canal at different levels, or it can be limited or segmental.

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms187e2243

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Pseudohemobilia (Hemosuccus Pancreaticus) as a presenting feature of fibrocalcific chronic pancreatitis managed successfully with angioembolization and coiling – A case report

Prerna Verma, Neha Phate, Dhruv Talwar, Sunil Kumar, Sourya Acharya, Pankaj Banode

We present a case of a 28 years old young male who was admitted with complaints of pain in abdomen, black colored stools and hematemesis.

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms188e2224

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ANALYSIS

Uptake of human papilloma virus vaccine and intention to vaccinate among women in Saudi Arabia

Alaa Sami Barhamain, Osama Mohammed Alwafi

Background: The burden of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) is huge, and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is one of the most common STDs

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms189e2274

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Phone consultation during COVID-19 in the outpatient clinic at King Khalid University Hospital: What can we infer from this exciting experience for future practice?

Sulaiman Alshammari, Naif Alalshaikh, Ziyad Alhosan, Yazeed Alghtani, Khalid Alkublan, Mohamed Alquhidan

Objectives: To evaluate patients' satisfaction with phone consultation in KKUH during COVID-19 and to identify the advantages and limitations of phone consultation. Methods: Researchers conducted this analytical cross-sectional study between March 2020 and March 2021.

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms190e2271

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REPORT

Subjective Score for Oral Mouth Dryness (SSOD)

Samira Osailan

Background: Due to the obvious adverse effect of a reduced flow rate of Salivary on a person's quality of life and oral health, it has been proposed that salivary function testing be included in routine dental examinations.

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms191e2302

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ANALYSIS

Prognostic value of serum free light chain at diagnosis of multiple myeloma

Phan Nguyen Thanh Van, Cao Thi Loc

Purposes: To determine the prognostic value of serum free light chain (sFLC) at the diagnosis for patients with multiple myeloma at Ho Chi Minh City Hospital of Hematology and Blood Transfusion.

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms192e2292

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Prevalence of spinal disorders in Saudi population using conventional radiology: Age and gender correlation

Hanan Elnour, Shmookh Khalid Alsalmi, Rana Abdulkiram Al-salmai, Sarah Atiah Aljohani, Alya Mohmmad Alshehry, Awadia Gareeballah, Wisal B Hassan, Mona Elhaj, Amel FH Alzain, Samih Kajoak, Hamid Osman

Background: Despite its limitations in diagnosing certain spinal cord and spinal column disorders, conventional radiography can be employed as the first imaging modality in patients presenting with spinal disorders caused by bone abnormalities.

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms193e2195

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Evaluation of effect of intravenous dexmedetomidine infusion on intra-operative hemodynamic and recovery profile in patients undergoing intracranial surgery under general anaesthesia

Harindranath S Kumar, Anjali Modak, Neeta Verma, Sheetal Madavi, Nikhil Bhalerao

Background: The brain is critically dependent on uninterrupted blood flow for the supply of nutrients and clearance of metabolites. Both an increase and decrease in the blood flow are harmful to the brain.

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms194e2254

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CASE REPORT

Ventricular septal defect (VSD) with Eisenmenger Syndrome in a pregnant female- A case report

Sai Nupur Bhedodkar, Sudheer Babu, Manasa Reddy, Kuruva Shruthi, Tanmayee Y, Anusha G, Dondapat Sony, Poojita Reddy, Sravanthi T

Eisenmenger syndrome (ES) is a condition where a previous congenital heart disease with right to left shunt eventually because of development of pulmonary arteria hypertension converts into a left to right shunt bypassing the lungs

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms195e2006

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Cervicobrachial syndrome in conjunction with osteomyelitis in the forearm

Daniela Ogurčáková, Marek Tomčo, Janka Vašková, Ladislav Kočan, Katarína Plachá

Upper limb pain is one of the most common manifestations of pain. The origin can vary widely and can be the result of several aetiologies. In this work, we present a case of a patient with cervicobrachial syndrome who overlapped with another nosology unit.

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms196e2284

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ANALYSIS

Prevalence and risk factors of burnout among medical students during coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic online teaching: Cross-section

Abdulmohsen Alqurashi, Turki Alhassani, Emad Alsaeedi, Abdulrahman Alhassani, Saif Alqurashi, Rania Zaini

Background: Burnout is considered a work-related stress syndrome. We investigate the burnout prevalence and the risk factors associated with burnout during the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic online teaching at Umm Al-Qura University (UQU) medical school.

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms197e2168

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Assessment of knowledge and perception towards vitiligo in Northern Saudi Arabia

Fatmah Fahad Alreshidi, Ebtehaj Saud Almughais, Dalal Alayed, Rasha Mohammed Alarfaj, Samiah Ahmed Almehmadi, Abrar Humoud Fahad Al Lafi, Hussain Gadelkarim Ahmed

Background: There is a prevalence of vitiligo in Saudi Arabia, with low reports regarding the burden of the disease. Thus, the current study aimed to assess the knowledge and perception of vitiligo in Saudi Arabia

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms198e2280

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Leadership styles and job satisfaction among nurses of medical-surgical departments in the Qassim region hospitals in Saudi Arabia

Mohammed Abdullah Alrasheedi, Fahad Moteb Alrashaidi, Mahmoud Abdel Hameed Shahin

Objective: To discover the type of leadership style (transformational vs. transactional) of nurse leaders and how it affects the work satisfaction of Medical-Surgical nurses working in public hospitals in Qassim Region, KSA.

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms199e2281

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Estimation of the psychological impact of covid - 19 diseases on recovered people in Taif city, Saudi Arabia

Mohammed Saleh Almalki, Amal Abdelgadir Mohamed, Marwa Abd El-fatah Ali El-slamoni, Faisal Alharthi, Ebaa Marwan Felemban

Background: COVID-19 1st started in China and the World Health Organization has announced this to be a pandemic. Isolation measures are used everywhere to rule out the expansion of the virus, lead to the rapidly growing of assured cases and deaths

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms200e2287

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