Volume 26, Issue 122, April 2022

About the Cover

Spinal cord damage caused due to trauma are very frequent in the population presently and large number of these patients suffer severe neurological deficits which rarely regain their normalcy. Several studies indicate that patients with ASIA grade A (complete) spinal cord injury show recovery of at least 1 to 2 grades if operated within a day of trauma and this outcome becomes dismal with passage of time. This case report mentions about a polytrauma patient who came to us with complete paraplegia and incontinence of the bladder and bowel, 7 days following a traumatic lumbar spine injury, underwent spinal fixation and decompression and showed exceptional recovery in subsequent follow-ups which in itself is an interesting and fairly uncommon outcome in such patients. This case report demonstrates that there is a possibility of regaining excellent functional outcomes in patients who have suffered extreme injuries to the spinal cord where treatment was delayed and also stresses that detailed research needs to be conducted as to determine the factors that may improve outcomes in such patients. (Ref: Upadhyay P, Ambade R. An extremely favourable outcome in a patient with traumatic spinal cord injury with paraplegia: A case report. Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms113e2175).

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ANALYSIS

Lactobacillus acidophilus’ post biotic extracts combined with methotrexate regulated the levels of the apoptotic genes’ expressions in the acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line

Sahar EL Hadad, Hind Baik, Alawiah M. Alhebshi, Majdah Aburas, Jehan Alrahimi, Shahira Hassoubah

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cure efficacy depends upon the chemotherapy drugs' effectiveness, the leukemia cells' biological traits, and the early response to treatment

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms111e2020

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Knowledge and awareness of dentin hypersensitivity and different treatment modalities

Samar Hatem Abuzinadah

Background: Hypersensitivity of the dentin is a prevalent condition in dental clinic. There are numerous pre-disposing factors to this issue, for example it could be due to physical or chemical trauma, gingival recession, and periodontal diseases and many other causes

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms112e2181

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CASE REPORT

An extremely favourable outcome in a patient with traumatic spinal cord injury with paraplegia: A case report

Prateek Upadhyay, Ratnakar Ambade

Spinal cord damage caused due to trauma are very frequent in the population presently and large number of these patients suffer severe neurological deficits which rarely regain their normalcy

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms113e2175

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Effects of female genital mutilation on diagnosis multiple uterine fibroids: A case report

Bahaaedin A Elkhader

The existence of fibroid in the uterus is a source of inconvenience and concern for females. Fortunately, is considered a benign mass and has several treatment options.

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms114e2180

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“GossiPyboma” a retained post-operative intra-abdominal surgical sponge can lead to septicemia and septic shock: A case report

Munirah Mohammed Mosa, Mahdya Bukhari, Saif Marzouq Alanazi, Abdulaziz Alorwan

Objectives: This case report was reported as a rare case of post-surgical complication to reduce the incidence of occurrence of this near miss which can lead to sentinel event and death in such patients.

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms115e2119

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ANALYSIS

A comparative study of postoperative analgesia and safety of intravenous nalbuphine versus intravenous tramadol in patients undergoing lower abdominal surgeries

Shiras P, Sanjot Ninave, Aruna Chandak, Amol Bele, Nikhil Bhalerao, Shuguftha Sherin

Introduction: Providing excellent pain relief is one of the primary priorities in postoperative care. Nalbuphine is an opioid analgesic that works as both an agonist and an antagonist and has a superior safety profile and fewer adverse effects than other opioids.

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms116e2176

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Awareness of the importance of physical activity among pediatric age group in Saudi Arabia

Rheem Abdulla Almhizai, Naif Ibrahim Almuhanna, Ali Saad Alqahtani, Naif Abdullah Alomar, Musaab Mohamed Al Aradi, Faisal Ibrahim Alsukairan

Purpose: The aim of the study is to assess physical activity levels (PA), knowledge, and awareness of the importance of PA among pediatric age group in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms117e2077

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Dental service satisfaction in dental health centers in Erbil city, Iraq

Vian Mohammed Hussein

Aim: This research was designed with the purpose of investigating patient satisfaction with dental services and the factors affecting it. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, the satisfaction of 570 patients (58.1% female) referred to three dental health care centers in Erbil/Kurdistan region of Iraq

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms118e1988

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Meta-analysis of the effectiveness of online cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder

Hamed Ghiasi, Fatemeh Askarirostami, Maryam Bakhtiari, Saba Hasanvandi

Objective: Online cognitive-behavioral therapy has presented great potential for easy, cost-effective, and modern treatments for the psychiatric disorders. The purpose of this study was to review studies in the field of online cognitive-behavioral therapies for post-traumatic stress disorder

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms119e2012

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Conjunctivitis in Makkah region, Saudi Arabia: A school and university level of knowledge experience

Yaser Mohamed Elhams, Salah Mohammed Taha Bakry, Amr Ali Almousa, Saad Naif Albagami, Abdullah Yasser Fakieha, Ayoub Saleh Alzahrani, Abdullah Ahmed Alsubhi

Background: Conjunctivitis is an epidemic disease with a self-limiting and short-lasting course with varieties of causes inflecting the prevalence and the way of spread. This study surveyed school and Umm Al-Qura University students in the western region of Saudi Arabia.

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms120e2167

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Knowledge and practices of hand hygiene among the health care providers of Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia

Markos Mehertab, Dheeraj Lamba, Enisha Tekle

Background: The term "nosocomial" refers to the connection between care and the subsequent emergence of infection. When a person enters a health care facility, he contacts nosocomial or hospital-acquired infections.

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms121e2115

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Impact of online learning on medical and non-medical students during COVID-19 pandemic in Shaqra University, Saudi Arabia: A comparative study

Mohammed Hajraf, Khaled Saqer Almutairi, Osama Almuqaiteeb, Muhannad Alashhab, Badr Sultan, Faisal Ahmad Alrashed, Mohammed Ibrahim, Fahd Salih Aldhafeeri, Saif Hammad Alruwaili, Abdulaziz Rabea Alanazi, Abdullah Mohammed Alobaidi, Jamal M Arif, Aqeel Ahmad

Background: During COVID-19, the mode of education was changed completely to online, however, in medical colleges across Saudi Arabia, the lectures were a blend of online and offline (PBL, examination, clinical skills, and labs) activities.

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms122e2123

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Follow up of the health workers’ responses to the preventive obligations amid changing COVID-19 pandemic behavior: A lessons from the crisis

Raouf M Afifi, Ashraf E Saad, Hassan M Aldossary, Hani M Alkhalaf, Bashir Ighile, Mazin YB Elkheer, Majed Kh Al Harthi, Fadi HA Althobaiti, Yousef Afifi

Background: Despite the emergence of potentially prophylactic vaccines, COVID-19 transmission poses a persistent threat to healthcare providers (HCPs) communities

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms123e2173

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Habits of contact lenses use and the associated outcomes among medical students, King Faisal University, Alahsaa, Saudi Arabia

Noor Al Osaif, Walaa Aldairi

Background: Contact lenses (CLs) are prosthetic devices used worldwide for many purposes. Inappropriate use of CLs increases the risk of complications, while adherence to CLs care and following the instructions are essential to prevent these complications.

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms124e2153

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Knowledge and attitude of parents towards traditional cauterization and its practice on their children in Jazan region, Saudi Arabia

Alshaymaa Arishy, Noura Alnamazi, Maryam Mashraqi, Abeer Alomaish, Aisha Moafa, Kholoud Alfaifi, Asayel Hozaimi, Ebtihal Qussairy, Ibrahim Gosadi, Salman Ghazwani

Background: Al-Kai or cauterization is one of the most common practices in Saudi Arabia where parts of the skin are burnt as treatment. In developing countries, cauterization is used by 80 % of the population for prevention or treatment of disease

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms125e2046

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Protective effect of green tea in methotrexate-induced nephrotoxicity

Ali Hassan A Ali, Nasser Awadh W Almutairi, Faisal Mohammed Al Dawsari, Abdullah buqaysh S Alshabani, Yousef Saad Almutairi, Meshal Tami Alotaibi, Musab Khalid Alotaibi, Nasser Salman ALSaloom, Mohammad Fahad Alajmi, Abdulaziz Ali Al Talib

Green tea consumption is associated with reduced disease prevalence, and degenerative disorders. Subsequently, green tea has been included as a dietary supplement with other nutritional and vitamin supplements.

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms126e2200

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CASE REPORT

Anesthetic management of a 13 year old child with kyphoscoliosis and complete cleft of soft palate posted for surgical repair of soft palate

Shiras P, Sanjot Ninave, Aruna Chandak, Vivek Chakole, Nikhil Bhalerao, Krishnendu S

Due to the unique anatomical and physiological variations of the airway of a child with cleft lip and palate, anesthesiologists may find it difficult to manage it properly.

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms127e2113

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Congenital Genu Valgus deformity treated with osteotomy and plate osteosynthesis: A case report

Khizar Khan, Nareshkumar Dhaniwala, Aditya Kekatpure, Salahuddin Ahmed, Abhiram Awasthi

Introduction: Congenital genu valgus is a well described deformity. Various treatment modalities are available such as growth modulation using hemi epiphysiodesis or epiphysiodesis and corrective osteotomy with plate osteosynthesis

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms128e2146

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ANALYSIS

Evaluation of anatomical variations of uncinate process and its relationship with radiographic signs of maxillary sinusitis in Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images

Mahshid Razavi, Nasim Shams, Bahareh Shams, Sina Salehin

Introduction: Anatomical features of uncinate process are associated with many variations in different people. Since this process is the main landmark in functional sinus endoscopic surgery and the first structure to be removed during surgery

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms129e1814

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Gender difference in Achilles tendon length by resting angle measurement in correlation to body parameters between Egyptian physical therapy students

Medhat Taha, Bandar A Alghamdi, Amr Abo Gazya, Hany MA Sonpol, Abdullah G Al-Kushi, Mohie Mahmoud Ibrahim

Aim of the study: our study aims to report if there is a gender difference in length of the Achilles tendon by measuring achilles tendon rest angle in relation to body parameters of the physical therapy students as adult samples

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms130e2202

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Implication of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on the severity and outcome of covid-19 in rural India; Is COPD the hidden culprit amongst the havoc: A cross sectional study

Dhruv Talwar, Sunil Kumar, Sourya Acharya, Deepak Talwar, Shraddha Jain, Neema Acharya, Kamlesh Chaudhari, Sparsh Madaan, Vidyashree Hulkoti, Akhilesh Annadatha, Twinkle Pawar, Mansi Patel, Divit Shah

COVID-19 (Coronavirus infectious disease 2019) denotes an ever changing and varied disease which has crippled the health care systems throughout the world

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms131e2150

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Polypharmacy usage among elderly population attending at primary health care centers in Buraidah city, Saudi Arabia 2020

Muhannad Fahad Al Sahli, Ali Mosa AlHarbi

Background: Saudi Arabia has a large proportion of elderly population related with multiple continual illnesses who need increase Interest and tracking for their medicinal drugs.

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms132e2141

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Post covid-19 syndrome among recovered cohort during the convalescence: prospective study

Omer Quayid Kh Alanazi, Turki Ibrahim Al-khalaf, Saif Abdullah A AlQahtani, Saif Marzouq Alanazi, Ahmed M El-Malky, Munirah Mohammed Mosa, Ghada El Gohary

Background: Hospitalization is not normally necessary in all COVID patients, nor is lab tests and PCR. There is subjective evidence that patients with "slight" COVID-19 may complain of persistent symptoms weeks after the infection

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms133e2156

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Shared decision making and its impact on medications adherence among diabetic patients in Buraidah, Saudi Arabia

Waleed Alresheedi, Unaib Rabbani

Background: Shared Decision Making (SDM) is a method in which patients and doctors share knowledge about patient needs, care choices, and tradeoffs in order to reach treatment decisions

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms134e2130

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Impact of COVID 19 pandemic on breast cancer management and reconstruction in Saudi Arabia

Anas Abdulqader Fathuldeen, Muhannad Saud Alshammari, Rema Ahmed Almarshedi, Reem Saud Alabedah, Raghad Ali Alshareef

Background: COVID-19 pandemic was a real challenge to healthcare systems worldwide, particularly in emerging nations; this study aims to provide a vision of the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on breast cancer (BC) management and reconstruction in Saudi Arabia.

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms135e2064

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The use of over the counter aspirin as prophylaxis for cardiovascular diseases among adult people in Saudi Arabia

Mohammad R Alshammri, Noora O Altamimi, Reema M Al Dera, Danah H Almohaimeed, Khawlah S Alshahrani, Atheer T Al Otaibi

Objectives: Our aims to assess knowledge and attitudes regarding over-the-counter (OTC) aspirin use as prophylaxis from cardiovascular disease among adult population in kingdom of Saudi Arabia, to assess the factors associated with aspirin use in adults with cardiovascular disease

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms136e2155

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Evaluation of predictive value of anterior cerebral artery to umbilical artery Pulsatility Index Ratio and its comparison with medial cerebral artery to umbilical artery Pulsatility Index Ratio for FGR and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) fetuses

Mahyar Mohammadifard, Edris Alishahi, Nasrin Khorashadizadeh, Alireza Mirgholami, Gholamreza Sharifzadeh

Background: This study is aimed to investigate the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) to umbilical artery (UA) pulsatility index (PI) ratio as a new Doppler parameter in comparison with the medial cerebral artery (MCA) to umbilical artery (UA).

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms137e1875

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Evaluating micro shear bond strength of two different materials in permanent teeth

Rahbaryfar Sayeh, Rahimian Emam Sara, Nabavi Saide

Aim: Caries on the grooved surfaces of posterior teeth is the most common type of caries in children and adolescents; a prerequisite for achieving a successful fissure sealant is proper isolation of etched enamel against saliva contamination

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms138e1893

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CASE REPORT

Post covid pregnancy related haemolytic Uraemic syndrome masquerading as HELLP syndrome-A twisted tale of gravid

Tanvi Chaurasia, Deepti Shrivastava, Kamlesh Chaudhary, Rahul Agola, Geeta Chaurasia

Pregnancy associated atypical haemolytic uremic syndrome (p-aHUS) is an infrequent condition to be encountered during the puerperium period and is associated with microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia as well as acute kidney injury.

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms139e2128

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ANALYSIS

Chylothorax complicating adult cardiovascular surgery: Multi-centres experience

Ehab Mohamed Kasem, Ehab Fawzy Salim, Gaser Ali

Background: Chylothorax is a rare complication after adult cardiovascular surgery. Chylothorax directly affects postoperative course and morbidity. Methods: Data for this prospective study was collected between July 2017 and August 2021.

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms140e2227

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Awareness of osteoporosis among medical and health-related students of Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia

Salah Bakry, Wael Abdullah Hamed Alqurashi, Ibrahim Ali Hasan Alasmari, Mohammad Ghazi Fintyana, Saad Naif Saad Albagami, Younis Abdulrahman Alharbi, Fawaz Mohammed Alzubaidi, Mohammed R Alhayli, Mohamed A Elhefny

Background: Osteoporosis still encompasses a health problem worldwide that can lead to critical complications if not managed properly. Aim: The current study aimed to explore the awareness and knowledge of osteoporosis among medical and health-related students of Umm Al-Qura University (UQU), Saudi Arabia

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms141e2116

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The perception of sun exposure as predictor for skin cancer among health-related students in Umm Al-Qura University: A cross sectional study

Salah Bakry, Abdullah Meshal Alharthi, Amer Abdulaziz Eisa, Ammar Adel Bakhsh, Ammar Khalid Mandili, Omar Abdulaziz Althobity, Mohanned Mohammed Alomairi, Mokhtar Mahfouz Shatla

Background: The significant increase in the incidence of skin cancer emphasizes the need to learn how to prevent it. Throughout this study, we polled health-related students at Umm Al-Qura University on their perception of sun exposure as a risk factor for skin cancer

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms142e2158

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The efficiency of Articaine only buccal infiltration technique as alternative local anaesthesia technique to inferior alveolar nerve block

Samira Osailan

Background: The Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block (IANB) and other nerve blocks are associated with an increased risk of nerve injury. Articaine-only infiltrations, which include buccal injections, are recently showing comparable effectiveness to Lidocaine IAN blocks for mandibular teeth, therefore reducing the need for an IAN block

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms143e2215

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Awareness and knowledge of medical ethics in undergraduate medical students at Umm Al-Qura University: A cross-sectional study

Ahmad H Mufti, Anwar Almuqati, Bushra Aldajani, Sarah Alduayah, Shahad Bamerdah

Background: Medical ethics is a field that involved in human lives therefore it needs more attention. In the medical ethics education, undergraduate medical students have been reported to have distinct weakness in ethical awareness and knowledge

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms144e2149

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Perception and health care seeking towards dysmenorrhea among female students at Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia

Imad Ali Aljahdali, Alaa Alharbi, Afnan Alalyani, Jana Alhadhrami, Ruba Alotaibi, Sarah Alduayah, Shahad Bamerdah, Mokhtar Mahfouz Shatla

Background: Some women experience dysmenorrhea (painful cramps during menstruation) which can significantly affect their daily activities. We purposed to assess the perception and health care seeking towards dysmenorrhea among students of Umm al-Qura University in Makkah.

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms145e2090

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RESEARCH

The mediating role of parenting stress, psychosocial stress and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in explaining the relationship between borderline personality traits and childhood trauma

Hamed Ghiasi, Maryam Bakhtiari, Fatemeh Askarirostami, Sajjad Reisi

Introduction: The aim of this study was to provide a model to explain the relationship between borderline personality traits and childhood trauma using the mediating role of parenting stress, psychosocial stress and ADHD in students

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms146e2025

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CASE REPORT

Extra-gestational choriocarcinoma of colon - Diagnostic challenges and management issues

Harshal Tayade, Surekha Tayade, Meenakshi Yeola, Sparsh Madaan, Dhruv Talwar, Arzoo Chadha, Nidhi Makhija

Choriocarcinoma is an unfrequently encountered malignant tumour arising from the placenta in the females and the gonads in males. Extra-gonadal or non-gestational choriocarcinoma are rare tumors which arise from sites which include the mediastinum, lung, stomach, cervix, ureter and pancreas

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms147e2135

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Physiotherapy succeeding split skin grafting in a case of degloving injury of hand and keloid formation

Tasneem Mustafa Lakkadsha, Madhu Lakhwani, Pratik Phansopkar, Shivani Satish Lalwani, Sakina Shoeb Hussain Saifee

A degloving injury is a fairly common outcome of road traffic accidents, and if the soft tissues are not rescued in a short period, it can result in death. Even after soft tissue salvage, if the mobility component is not prioritized, the affected structures will be permanently disabled.

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms148e2159

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Management of radicular cyst using platelet rich fibrin- A case report

Meghna Dugar, Anuja Ikhar, Nidhi Motwani, Pradnya Nikhade, Manoj Chandak, Saurabh Rathi

Radicular cysts are inflammatory lesions of the jaws in the tooth-bearing areas. These lesions more commonly involve the apex of the associated tooth and have a well-defined radiolucency

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms149e2058

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Fallopian tube block induced secondary infertility in a case of unicornuate uterus treated successfully: A long covid sequalae?

Madhurima Sachan, Kamlesh Chaudhari, Sparsh Madaan, Saunitra A Inamdar, Priti Varma

Infertility arising from infections is alarming cause of secondary infertility which is growing in number by the day. Mullerian anomalies can result in female infertility.

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms150e2100

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Integrative management of open apex with regenerative endodontic therapy: A case report

Payal Chaudhari, Madhulika Chandak, Manoj Chandak, Swayangprabha Sarangi, Akshay Jaiswal, Aditya Patel

In clinical practice, treating teeth with an open apex necessitates caution and diligence. In such circumstances, the grade of apical obturation has a direct bearing on the prognosis of endodontic treatment.

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms151e2124

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ANALYSIS

COVID-19 protocols in dental office and its awareness among parents; a survey-based study among the parents attending Riyadh Elm University clinics

Ali Yahya Al fari, Nawaf Mohammed Alabdullatif, Hussain Mesfer Alqahtani, Yazeed Abdullah Alghamdi, Anas Hussam Ramadan, Ateet Kakti

Introduction: COVID-19 has changed the overall perception of public towards infection control and people are mainly concerned about their family’s safety when planning a visit to the dental office

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms152e2107

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Knowledge, attitudes and behaviors about dental health among undergraduate medical students in a tertiary care institution in Nagpur city, India

Venugopal Reddy

Background: Dental health is a reflection of general well-being of a person and is thus an inseparable component of the health profile of an individual. Accordingly, a basic understanding about dental health should constitute a crucial component of the medical training.

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms153e2136

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Knowledge and practice of family medicine residents towards screening for gestational diabetes and undiagnosed diabetes mellitus in pregnancy, in 1st and 2nd health clusters, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Alanoud Z Alzamil, Fatimah H Alshehri, Malak A Alghamdi, Ahmed T Ahmed

Background: We are aiming to assess, compare, and to correlate between the knowledge and practice of family medicine residents towards screening for gestational diabetes and undiagnosed DM in 1st and 2nd health clusters, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms154e2221

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RESEARCH

COVID-19 in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus adult patients; effect of infection and vaccination

Eman M Albatayneh, Yasmeen J Alabdallat, Hanin J Ayash, Maisa S Abduh, Samir S Mahgoub

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus (SARS-CoV-2) infection on Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) patients and their humoral response against the virus infection or vaccination is presently unclear, as in extant research Type 1 and Type 2 DM is rarely distinguished.

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms155e2244

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