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Volume 61, Issue 337, January - April 2025

About the Cover

Pollination is one of the most relevant aspects of the complex interactions that guarantee ecosystem functionality, since it is directly related to crop productivity. We reviewed the literature on how agroforestry systems (AFS) may enhance pollination services, increasing crop yield and supporting local and regional pollinator diversity and abundance within adjacent agricultural landscapes. We also overviewed the potential of AFS as an ecological restoration approach. Out of 396 studies, we included 129 scientific papers from 23 countries between 2004 and 2024. However, there is an imbalance in research distribution regarding countries, scope, and study types. We found that the United States, Brazil, and Germany have the highest number of publications in the area, accounting for nearly 50% of the publications included in this review. There has been a growing investment of studies on this topic over the past two decades, but just recently, the field has gained attention, particularly in the last five years. The most discussed areas were the provision of pollination services and its economic impacts, and the effect of agroforestry management on pollinator diversity. Moreover, we identified a data gap regarding mammalian pollinators, economic costs, and financial return among currently published data. The potential of AFS in restoring landscape remains underexplored (18% of the analyzed studies) despite its importance in ecosystem sustainability through the restoration of ecological networks, particularly mutualistic interactions like pollination, which holds great significance pursuing long-term ecosystem health.

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ARTICLE

The role of agroforestry systems on pollinator diversity and the provision of pollinator services

Mariana Abrahão, Bruno Henrique dos Santos Ferreira, Letícia Couto Garcia, Helena Maura Torezan-Silingardi

Pollination is one of the most relevant aspects of the complex interactions that guarantee ecosystem functionality, since it is directly related to crop productivity. We reviewed the literature on how agroforestry systems (AFS) may enhance pollination services, increasing crop yield and supporting local and regional pollinator diversity and abundance within adjacent agricultural landscapes

Discovery, 2025, 61(337), e1d1493

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Production and assessment of crackers produced from the blend of Cassava (Manihot esculenta), Ugba (Pentaclethra macrophylia), and Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Flours

Nwanagba NL, Diala DC, Ogbete CE

This work produced composite flour from newly released Cassava (Baba 70), Ugba, and wheat, determined the functional properties of the composite flour, produced crackers using the composite flour, and evaluated the physicochemical and sensory acceptability properties of the crackers. The flour and cracker samples were subjected to functional, physicochemical, and sensory analysis

Discovery, 2025, 61(337), e2d1491

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REVIEW

The interplay between flipped learning, teacher professional development, and learner autonomy in higher education

Rajendra Kunwar, Suman Kumar Shrestha, Sapana Adhikari

This article explores the relationship between flipped learning, the professional development of the teacher, and learners' autonomy in higher education. Flipped learning is a new teaching method that has gained a lot of attention in higher education because it can make learning better and keep students more involved

Discovery, 2025, 61(337), e3d1497

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ARTICLE

Hepatitis B vaccine uptake among women of childbearing age attending primary health care centres in Nigeria

Yusuf Adebayo Ramat, Yusuf Amuda Abbas, Kuranga Ibrahim Suleiman, Amoko Ampitan, Ademola Christy Olanike, Owolabi Sunday Adebayo

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a Hepadnavirus that infects liver cells and causes an infectious disease of global significance, leading to a significant health burden. In Africa, studies have revealed low uptake of HBV vaccine and increasing prevalence of HBV infection

Discovery, 2025, 61(337), e4d1501

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Healing the socioeconomic Mountains and Hills: The wantingness, and achievements of the Central Bank of Nigeria and the National Assembly

Popoola DP

Nigeria is blessed by its historical leadership, and vast resource endowments, but the emerging realities portrays paradoxically vicious resolutions, that persistently discredits a formidable National socioeconomic identity trends

Discovery, 2025, 61(337), e5d1511

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REPORT

Comparative assessment of briquette and charcoal as energy sources for smoking of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus)

Ayoola O Akinwole, Olaolu O Fawole

The obvious depletion of wood resources at a rapid rate and the inherent danger posed by the environmental degradation necessitates the need for an improved and eco-friendly alternative source of energy in fish processing.

Discovery, 2025, 61(337), e6d1513

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REVIEW

Moderation of cyber attacks in IoTs using deep learning techniques

Ifeanyi Stanly Nwokoro, Shafi’I M Abdulhamid, Kwaku Zacciah Adom-Oduro, Anayo Chukwu Ikegwu, Augustina Nebechi Nwatu

The widespread use of IoT devices in the modern day has simplified our lives and elevated our everyday routines to a new level. IoT devices are connected to communicate and share data with gateways or access points (APs) for additional data processing

Discovery, 2025, 61(337), e7d1519

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ARTICLE

Assessment of the methane yield and efficiency of anaerobic codigestion process in microbial stabilization of layer and broiler birds droppings (30:70)

Abdullateef AI, Hope BN, Alfa IM, Okpanachi U

This study assessed the anaerobic co-digestion of layer and grill droppings (30:70) for methane output and microbial stabilisation efficiency. Comparing microbial load decrease, evaluating procedure effectiveness in stabilising particular infections, and estimating methane yield were the objectives of the study

Discovery, 2025, 61(337), e8d1527

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Detecting the influence of additives on the physical properties of asphalt binder

Saad Issa Sarsam

The physical properties of Asphalt cement binder usually decline throughout its service life due to the environmental impact. The asphalt binder will lose the required flexibility, resilience, cohesion, and creep stiffness

Discovery, 2025, 61(337), e9d1529

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REPORT

Financial deepening and economic growth: A nexus

Abiodun Babatunde Agbaje

This study was conducted using time series data from the Central Bank of Nigeria's Statistical Bulletin. A model was created and the variables were subjected to a unit root test in which stationary were achieved at I(0) and I(1).

Discovery, 2025, 61(337), e10d1537

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Impacts of sub-lethal potassium permanganate exposure on endocrine disruption and oxidative stress in Clarias gariepinus

Ikpesu TO, Ikimi CG

The water in Southern Nigeria is considered unsuitable for immediate consumption due to elevated concentrations of iron and manganese. To remove these metals, a precipitation process involving potassium permanganate (KMnO4) is employed.

Discovery, 2025, 61(337), e11d1539

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ARTICLE

Correlation depiction on how service quality effects customer patronage of eatery centers and hotels in Nigeria

Akalazu Emmanuel Chinonye, Otika Udoka Stephen, Egu Anthony Onuoha

Due to increased national development objectives and the search for new market opportunities, the hospitality industry is becoming more and more globalized. In order to succeed, industry participants must develop a strong identity and promote a reputable brand

Discovery, 2025, 61(337), e12d1541

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Distribution of soil quality indicators in Fadama soils of Anambra State Southeast, Nigeria

Nweke IA, Uwoma CC, Nwankwo JE

Fadama soils are low lying flood plain soils found along river bank areas of Anambra state prone to flooding. The present study investigated the distribution of soil quality indicators in Fadama soils in Anambra State.

Discovery, 2025, 61(337), e13d3101

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Navigating Naira devaluation on the performance of small and medium-scale enterprise in Nigeria

Abang Samuel Oweh , Okey Otemdam Jombo, Abuh-Amasi Scholastica Ashibebonye

Using annual time series data gathered from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin (CBN), National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), World Bank data, and Nigeria Meteorological Agency (NIMET) for the years January 1980 to October 2024

Discovery, 2025, 61(337), e14d3103

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Investigation of the quality of PET bottle-blowing and bottled water production process using Pareto diagram, control chart, and Power BI

Aderinkola Abdulazeez, Ishaya M Dagwa, Ibrahim D Muhammad

This research project investigates the quality of PET bottle-blowing and bottled water production processes. This study discusses using the Pareto-Lorenz diagram, control chart, and Power BI tool to identify and reduce product defects in the PET bottle production

Discovery, 2025, 61(337), e15d3107

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Assessment of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larval compost liquor fed on food waste in cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata)

Kodandoor Shrathchandra, Chavarkad H Devika, Bhagya B Sharma, Kandikere R Sridhar

This study evaluated the impact of Black Soldier Fly Larvae (BSFL) (Hermetia illucens) compost liquor on the growth of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) using hydroponic culture.

Discovery, 2025, 61(337), e16d3109

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