Volume 30, Issue 173, July 2026

Peri-implantitis: risk factors, prevention and current treatment strategies

Wojciech Szlajss^♦, Julia Hofmann, Adrianna Chachuła, Natalia Kruk, Patrycja Jędrzejewska, Izabela Ślusarczyk, Julia Rojek, Szymon Uszak, Jan Olszewski, Daria Wieczorek

Medical University of Lodz: Lodz, Łódź Voivodeship, Poland

^♦Corresponding author
Wojciech Szlajss, Medical University of Lodz: Lodz, Łódź Voivodeship, Poland

ABSTRACT

Peri-implantitis has become a major biological problem in modern dental implantology. This disease is the result of a chronic inflammatory reaction, which attacks the soft and hard tissues around the implant. This condition is characterized by continuous inflammation of the mucosa around the implant, which gradually leads to the loss of supporting alveolar bone. As dental implants have shifted from a niche solution to a widely used option for tooth loss, the incidence of peri-implant diseases has increased. This is a serious obstacle to achieving long-term clinical success. The causes of this disease are complex and include the interaction of harmful bacterial biofilm, the body’s immune response, and various local and systemic risk factors. Early diagnosis is crucial - recognizing the disease at an early stage allows for the implementation of treatment strategies relied on preventing bone loss and complete implant failure. This comprehensive literature review summarizes current evidence on causes, risk factors, and modern methods of prevention and treatment. Systematic searches of databases such as PubMed and Scopus focused on high-quality evidence from the last two decades. The findings indicate that the main factors which contribute to the occurrence of this disease are: inadequate oral hygiene, smoking, a history of periodontitis, and general problems such as diabetes. Treatment methods include mechanical wound debridement and advanced regenerative surgery using materials such as platelet-rich fibrin (PRF). No specific gold standard has yet been established. This review highlights the need for care to ensure the success of dental implants.

Keywords: peri-implantitis, dental implants, risk factors, prevention, regenerative therapy

Medical Science, 2026, 30, e139ms3892

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.54905/disssi.v30i173.e139ms3892

Published: 30 July 2026