Medical Science
Volume 29, Issue 160, June 2025
Histamine Intolerance on Diagnosis and Treatment
Marek Borecki1♦, Karolina Jałocha1, Patrycja Pysz2, Kinga Świtała2, Roksana Hrapkowicz3, Agnieszka Czernecka4, Kinga Erazmus3, Maria Mroczka2, Justyna Kuciel5, Dominik Tomczak5
1Karol Marcinkowski University Hospital, Zyty 26, 65-046 Zielona Góra,
Poland
2V Military Hospital with Polyclinic, Wrocławska 1-3, 30-901 Kraków,
Poland
3Ludwik Rydygier Specialist Hospital, Os. Złotej Jesieni 1, 31-820
Kraków, Poland
4Hospital of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Administration,
Kronikarza Galla 25, 30-053 Kraków, Poland
5Chrzanów District Hospital, Topolowa 16, 32-500 Chrzanów, Poland
♦Corresponding author
Marek Borecki,
Karol Marcinkowski University Hospital, Zyty 26, 65-046 Zielona Góra,
Poland
ABSTRACT
Histamine intolerance is the imbalance between histamine excess and epithelial
breakdown, mainly occurring from impaired digestion of dietary histamine,
resulting from a functional deficiency of diamine oxidase (DAO). The review
aims to summarize the current state of knowledge on the diagnostics and
treatment of histamine intolerance, particularly on the potential mechanisms of
DAO deficiency and dietary therapy. Histamine intolerance presents a broad
range of symptoms such as gastrointestinal, dermatological, respiratory and
neurological ones. Histamine Intolerance (HIT) is diagnosed via clinical
evaluation, dietary trials and observations, because there are no specific
laboratory tests available. The treatment includes a low histamine diet, and in
some cases, DAO supplementation. Dietary modification and supplementation
should be a part of a multi-faceted management for histamine intolerance. More
studies are needed to arrive at accurate diagnostics and to test the degree of
efficacy of current therapies, particularly concerning to the gut.
Keywords: histamine intolerance, pseudoallergy, histamine, diagnosis,
treatment
Medical Science, 2025, 29, e85ms3580
DOI: https://doi.org/10.54905/disssi.v29i160.e85ms3580
Published: 18 June 2025
© The Author(s) 2025. Open Access. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC BY 4.0).