Volume 28, Issue 149, July 2024

Biomarkers in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Review of the current state of knowledge

Adrian Kruszewski^1♦, Natalia Paduszyńska¹, Anna Dąbrowska¹, Barbara Wawrzyńska², Karolina Strus³, Roksana Zdunek⁴, Magdalena Madera⁵

¹Dr Anna Gostynska Wolski Hospital, Independent Public Health Care Institution, Marcina Kasprzaka 17, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland
²MEDIQ Clinic, Józefa Piłsudskiego 20, 05-120 Legionowo, Poland
³Independent Public Specialist Western Hospital named after St John Paul II, Daleka 11 05-825 Grodzisk Mazowiecki, Poland
⁴Miedzylesie Specialist Hospital in Warsaw, Bursztynowa 2, 04-749 Warsaw, Poland
⁵The University Clinical Hospital named after F. Chopin in Rzeszów, Fryderyka Szopena 2, 35-055 Rzeszów, Poland

^♦Corresponding Author
Dr Anna Gostynska Wolski Hospital, Independent Public Health Care Institution, Marcina Kasprzaka 17, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland

ABSTRACT

Rheumatic arthritis (RA) is a complex autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation and joint destruction. Recent progress in the study of RA has been centered around pinpointing biomarkers that can assist in early detection, monitoring the disease, and tailoring treatment plans to the individual. While conventional biomarkers like rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) have played a significant role in RA diagnosis, their precision and accuracy exhibit variability. Novel biomarkers, such as microRNAs (miRNAs/miR) and specific cytokines like interleukin-6 (IL-6), can provide deeper insights into disease mechanisms and monitor therapeutic responses. Despite advancements in biomarkers research, challenges remain in effectively standardizing and integrating biomarker assays into clinical practice. Future directions in biomarker research promise to enhance precision medicine approaches and improve outcomes for RA patients. This study aims to discuss the current landscape of biomarkers in RA, focusing on critical indicators such as RF, ACPA, C-reactive protein (CRP), and other novel markers.

Keywords: Rheumatoid arthritis; biomarker; antibodies; RF; microRNA

Medical Science, 2024, 28, e84ms3389

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.54905/disssi.v28i149.e84ms3389

Published: 29 July 2024