Volume 27, Issue 135, May 2023

Breast cancer in Sudan, clinical, histopathological and receptors characteristics: A retrospective study

Khalid Alhazmi¹, Salah Alghamdi², Abubaker Emadeldin Adlan Koko³, Hyder Mirghani^4♦

¹Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, KSA
²Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, KSA
³Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
⁴Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, KSA

^♦Corresponding author
Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, KSA

ABSTRACT

Background: Breast cancer is the leading cause of death globally, the tumor surpassed lung cancer in prevalence. Few studies assessed breast cancer in Sudan. Objectives: We aimed to assess breast cancer among women in Khartoum, Sudan. Methods: We reviewed 1395 specimens at a retiary pathology center in Khartoum, Sudan from June 2022 to March 2023. A data sheet (excel) was used to collect specimen type and nature of excision, the tumor grade, site and recurrent or multifocal carcinoma. In addition, tumor size, lymph node involvement and distant metastasis were evaluated for tumor classification and grade. Immunohistochemistry was conducted. Results: Out of 1395 specimens, 99.6% were invasive ductal carcinoma, more than half were grade II, and 50.5% were on the left. Breast biopsy was the commonest (79.1%) and mastectomy specimen (4.5%) and complete excision was done in 89% of cases. In the present study, stage tumor I (T I) was observed in 17.3 and tumor III (TII) in 54.8%. Estrogen receptor status, progesterone receptor, HER 2 Neu receptor and triple-negative cancer were positive in 47.8%, 32.4%, 26.1% and 32.3% respectively while Ki67 expression was >50% in 40.2%. Conclusion: The majority of breast cancer in Sudan was invasive ductal carcinoma with lower estrogen, progesterone and Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER 2 Neu receptor) positivity, while triple-negative and Ki67 were higher. The patients presented late to the healthcare system. Further retrospective studies focusing on genotyping are important for a proper management decision.

Keywords: Breast cancer, surgical, histopathological characteristics, Sudan

Medical Science, 2023, 27, e207ms3000

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.54905/disssi/v27i135/e207ms3000

Published: 02 May 2023