Volume 27, Issue 131, January 2023

Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with diabetic ketoacidosis at King Salman bin Abdulaziz medical city in Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia

Ahmed F Al Ahmadi^1♦, Ghazi T Almohmmadi², Abdullah F Alhejaili², Ehdaa K Boudal², Hussam A Atallah², Ethar A Boudal², Yaser J Alrashidi², Mohammad J Bamagos², Abdulhalim M Almurashi³, Basem M Al Johani³, Turkey I Alrajabi⁴, Abdulmajeed Al Harbi⁵, Ibrahim S Alhajjam⁶, Sami Al Dubai⁷

¹General Directorate of Health Affairs, Department of Preventive Medicine, Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia
²King Salman bin Abdulaziz Medical City, Department of Internal Medcine, Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia
³General Directorate of Health Affairs, Department of Family Medicine, Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia
⁴General Directorate of Health Affairs, Department of Health Administration, Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia
⁵King Abdullah Airbase Primary Healthcare Center, Department of Family Medicine, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
⁶King Salman bin Abdulaziz Medical City, Department of Urology, Al- Madinah, Saudi Arabia
⁷Joint Program of Preventive Medicine Post Graduate Studies, Ministry of Health, Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia

^♦Corresponding author
General Directorate of Health Affairs, Department of Preventive Medicine, Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia

ABSTRACT

Background: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is defined by high blood glucose, metabolic acidosis and increased ketone concentration in the body. It is a serious and potentially fatal complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). The study aimed to determine the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with DKA. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study design was conducted in Madinah general hospital in Madinah, Saudi Arabia. Medical records were reviewed for all DKA patients admitted to the hospital from January 2019 to October 2022. Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of diabetic ketoacidosis were retrieved for eligible patients. Results: Out of 260 files reviewed, only 258 were included. Participants' mean age was 35.6 ±19.4. Most participants had type 1 DM (62%). The main precipitating factors of DKA were infection (44.5%) and non-compliance (29.8%). Vomiting (71.3%) and abdominal pain (56.9%) were the most common clinical manifestations. Conclusion: The main leading precipitating factors of DKA were infection and non-compliance to treatments. The most frequent clinical manifestations in diabetic patients with ketoacidosis were vomiting and abdominal pain.

Keywords: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), precipitating factors of DKA, type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, DKA manifestation, Saudi Arabia

Medical Science, 2023, 27, e58ms2679

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.54905/disssi/v27i131/e58ms2679

Published: 23 January 2023