Volume 26, Issue 129, November 2022

Cytological changes and ki-67 protein expression in oral mucosa among water pipe users in the KSA

Faris Merghani Elmahdi^1♦, Majed Eid Alhejaili², Ahmed Ali Alahmdi², Majed Jamal Abu Altaher², Renad Naji Alsaedi², Mawaddah Sameer Aeq², Mayar Mohammed Ballaji², Huda Saeed Altamimi², Rawan Osama Alsebaee², Ahmed Sulaiman Aljohani², Ahmad Meshal M Alharbi², Ahmed Saleem Alahmadi², Abdulrahman Fayez Alraddadi², Maysan Bassam Ballaji², Yahya Fahad Jamous³

¹Department of Histopathology, College of Medicine, Alrayan Colleges, Madinah, KSA
²Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Alrayan Colleges, Madinah, KSA
³Department of Molecular Pharmacology, King Abdulaziz City for Science & Technology (KACST), Riyadh, KSA

^♦Corresponding author
Department of Histopathology, College of Medicine, Alrayan Colleges, Madinah, KSA

ABSTRACT

Objective: The aim of this study was to detect cytological changes and Ki-67 protein expression in oral mucosa among water pipe users. Methodology: A case control study was study was carried out in Saudi Arabia from January to October 2022, two cytological oral smear samples were taken from 500 volunteers 300 were water pipe users (case) and 200 were normal individuals (control) and were stained using the Papanicolaou staining procedure and immunocytochemical method to show the expression of Ki-67. Result: Inflammation, infection, atypia and keratinization were interpreted from Papanicolaou stains. The prevalence of cytological inflammation was higher among water pipe smokers (77/300, 25.6%) than among non water pipe users (12/200, 6%). Reverse cytological infection and atypical were higher in water pipe smokers than in control, 9% versus 4.5% and 4.3% versus 0.5%, respectively, while keratinization was only identified in water pipe users (3.6%) versus control groups. The Ki-67 protein is expressed at a higher level in water pipe users compared to non users. Conclusion: The study results concluded that water pipe users had more atypical cells and more KI-67 protein expression in the oral mucosa as compared to their non water pipe users’ counter parts.

Keywords: Cytological changes, Ki-67 expression, Oral Mucosa, Water Pipe, KSA

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms478e2519

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.54905/disssi/v26i129/ms478e2519

Published: 20 November 2022