Volume 25, Issue 112, June 2021

Epidemiology of sickle cell nephropathy in sickle cell anemia children, Saudi Arabia

Mahdi R AlAmeer^1,2♦, Batool K Alsarhan³, Leen K Alsarhan⁴, Saeed M Albeshi⁵, Ghazlan A Alhenaki⁶, Muhanned M Alqhtani⁵, Hind R Alasmari⁷, Areej H Alabdali⁸, Taghreed A Alsaleh⁷, Nouf M Alyami⁷, Arwa M Almansour⁹, Amna K Almqaadi⁸, Alaa A Alhazmi^10,11

¹Medical Student, College of Medicine, Dar AlUloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
²Respiratory Therapist, Riyadh Care Hospital, Respiratory Care Department, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
³Medical Intern, College of Medicine, Vision Colleges, Al Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
⁴Medical Student, College of Medicine, Al Imam Mohammed Ibn Saud Islamic University, Al Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
⁵Medical Student, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
⁶Medical Student, College of Medicine, Almarrefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
⁷Medical Intern, College of Medicine, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
⁸Medical Intern, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, AlQunfudah, Saudi Arabia
⁹Medical Intern, College of Medicine, Al Imam Mohammed Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
¹⁰Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
¹¹SMIRES for Consultation in Specialized Medical Laboratories, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia

^♦Corresponding author
Medical Student, College of Medicine, Dar AlUloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Respiratory Therapist, Riyadh Care Hospital, Respiratory Care Department, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

ABSTRACT

Background: Sickle Cell Nephropathy (SCN) is a group of renal abnormalities that developed in patients with Sickle Cell Disease (SCD). They begin early in the first decade of life and may progress to End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) with increasing morbidity and mortality. Methods: The cross-sectional study included 484 SCD patients aged from one year to 15 years who had been admitted at Maternity and Children Hospital during the period from May 2009 to July 2019. eGFR was calculated by using the modified pediatric Schwartz equation. SCN was defined based on the presence of at least one of the following: Glomerular Hyperfiltration (GHF) when eGFR>140/ml/min/1.73m2,Renal Insufficiency (RI) when eGFR <90 ml/ml/min/1.73m2, or Renal Failure (RF) when eGFR<60ml/ml/min/1.73m2. Results: Of the total 484 patients included in the analysis, 247 (51%) were females, 356 (73.6%) had HbSS genotype, 440 (91%) had at least one SCD related hospital admission, and 120 (24.8%) were on hydroxyurea therapy. About 24.8% of SCD patients had SCN as the following: 9.7% of them had GHF, 7.9% had RI, and 7.2% had RF. Patients with SCN were significantly had HbSS (p=0.027). Conclusion: About 24.8% of SCD patients had SCN as the following: 9.7% of them had GHF, 7.9% had RI, and 7.2% had RF. The prevalence of SCN was higher among patients with HbSS phenotype. Early detection of SCN could allow for earlier intervention and prevention of ESRD.

Keywords: Sickle Cell Nephropathy, Sickle Cell Disease

Medical Science, 2021, 25(112), 1486-1493

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