Volume 25, Issue 112, June 2021

Characteristics and outcome of severe diabetic ketoacidosis in East Jeddah Hospital, Saudi Arabia

Nasser R Aljuhani¹, Nada M Alamoudi^2♦, Nadreen B Majali², Rania M Algouzi², Fatima A Alzubaidi², Sally M Alnajri²

¹Consultant of endocrinology, East Jeddah Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
²Bachelor of medicine and surgery, Ibn Sina National College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

^♦Corresponding author
Bachelor of medicine and surgery, Ibn Sina National College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a critical situation of diabetes that mostly happens in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients. Objective: This study aims to analyze the clinical, biochemical characteristics as well as outcome of admitted patients with severe DKA. Methods: this is a retrospective observational study carried out at secondary hospital at Jeddah, Saudi Arabia period between July 2018 and July 2019. We included both genders older than 14 years with confirmed diagnosis of DKA. Results: In the present study the majority of cases were female (71.4%). All the patient was diagnosed as TIDM and their mean duration of DM 10 ±8.032 years. Half of them admitted to ICU. The most common precipitating factors was missing insulin dose or non-compliance (78.6%) followed by infection (21.4%). All of who develop complications most documented complication finds to be retinopathy (40%), nephropathy (20%), and neuropathy (40%). The most initial clinical presentation was abdominal pain, vomiting, and nausea. Conclusions: The non-compliance for insulin dose was the most precipitating factor in DKA, an intensive efficient educational program for patient compliance should be applied. However, the outcome reflects good improvement as no reported expired cases and the mean duration for a hospital stay for DKA patients was three days that these results would seem to help the hospital in inpatient admission management.

Keywords: Diabetic ketoacidosis, Saudi Arabia, Biochemical tests, Patient’s compliance, T1DM

Medical Science, 2021, 25(112), 1407-1412

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