Volume 18, Issue 41, January - June, 2024

Antibacterial activity and partial characterization of antibacterial agent from combretum glutinosum leaf extracts against microbes isolated from dental caries

Ibrahim Sani Shabanda, Yusuf Haruna, Aishatu Abubakar Usman^♦

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero, Kebbi State, Nigeria

^♦Corresponding author
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero, Kebbi State, Nigeria

ABSTRACT

Medicinal plant synthesizes phytochemicals through secondary metabolism; these metabolites can be utilized for several pharmacological approaches, and also serves as precursors for the synthesis of valuable drugs. Therefore, there is need to detect the phytochemical and antibacterial properties of Combretum glatinusum plant in view of providing a scientific explanation of its medicinal properties. Combretum glatinusum leaves was extracted using methanol, ethanol and water. Qualitative phytochemical and FTIR analysis were conducted using standard laboratory procedures, while agar well diffusion and serial dilution methods was adopted for zone of inhibition and minimum inhibitory concentrations respectively. In qualitative analysis, Combretum glatinusum leaves revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins terpenoids and glycosides in methanol extracts. In contrast, ethanol extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins terpenoids, steroids and glycosides. Similarly, aqueous extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, terpenoids, steroids and glycosides. A dosedependent increases in zone of inhibitions were observed in Combretum glatinusum leaves extracts at all concentrations. The activity was comparable (P>0.05) with standard drugs at some concentrations of the extracts. Against S. aureus, C. glutinosum leaves water extract revealed a MIC of 12.5mg/ml, methanol extract revealed a MIC of 100mg/ml, ethanol extract also revealed an MIC of 100mg/ml. Against K. pneumonia, C. glutinosum Leaves water extract revealed a MIC of 50mg/ml, methanol extract revealed an MIC of 100mg/ml and ethanol extract revealed an MIC of 100mg/ml. Against S. aureus, C. glutinosum leaves water extract revealed a MBC of 100mg/ml, methanol and ethanol extract revealed a MBC >200mg/ml, respectively. While against K. pneumonia, C. glutinosum leaves water extract revealed an MBC of 25mg/ml, methanol and ethanol extract revealed an MBC of 200mg/ml respectively and FTIR analysis revealed the presence of numerous functional groups. Hence, this study validates the medicinal properties of C. glutinusum plant and further supports it use in traditional medicine.

Keywords: Phytochemicals, Antibacterial, Combretum glatinusum, Leaves, Dental caries, Methanol, Ethanol, Water

Drug Discovery, 2024, 18(41), e4dd1967

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.54905/disssi.v18i41.e4dd1967

Published: 27 January 2024