Volume 30, Issue 172, June 2026

Treatment of nasal polyps with biological therapies (dupilumab and omalizumab) – A comparison

Eliza Mędrek^1♦, Natalia Brzozowska¹, Karolina Zawadzka¹, Natalia Sałkowska², Paulina Zegarska³, Barbara Wardzyńska⁴, Jakub Magdziak⁵, Oliwia Borowska⁵, Sara Awad⁵, Hanna Markowska⁶

¹Nowodworskie Centrum Medyczne, address Miodowa 2, 05-100 Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki, Poland
²University Clinical Center of the Medical University of Warsaw, address Banacha 1a, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
³Grochowski Hospital, address Grenadierów 51/59, 04-073 Warsaw, Poland
⁴Independent Public Healthcare Complex in Wyszków, address Komisji Edukacji Narodowej 1, 07-200 Wyszków, Poland
⁵Independent Public Clinical Hospital named after Prof. W. Orłowski CMKP, Czerniakowska 231, 00-416 Warsaw, Poland
⁶Independent Multi-Specialist Public Healthcare Facility of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Administration in Bydgoszcz, Ks. R. Markwarta 4-6, 85- 015 Bydgoszcz, Poland

^♦Corresponding author
Eliza Mędrek, Nowodworskie Centrum Medyczne, address Miodowa 2, 05-100 Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki, Poland

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Nasal polyps (NP) are a shared condition caused by ongoing inflammation, and they often does not respond well to standard treatments. Newer medicines like dupilumab, omalizumab, and mepolizumab, which target parts of the immune system, are showing promise, but how well they work and how safe they are compared to each other are still being studied. Results: Recent studies show that dupilumab provides the most consistent and robust improvements in reducing nasal polyps, easing a stuffy nose, and improving loss of smell. Omalizumab helps, especially for people with allergies, while mepolizumab works moderately well for people with certain types of inflammation. All three medicines are generally safe, with only mild reactions at the time of injection and a few serious side effects. However, differences in how the studies were conducted and a few direct comparisons make it hard to draw firm conclusions. Real-world reports show these medicines work well and are safe for many different patients. Conclusions: Biological therapy, especially dupilumab, is a big step forward in dealing with severe NP. Personalized treatment plans tailored to the specific sort of inflammation and the particular patient's situation. It is important to continue researching to identify the best biologic options and develop long-term management plans for this chronic and burdensome disease.

Keywords: nasal polyps, biologics, dupilumab, omalizumab, mepolizumab, type 2 inflammation, comparative efficacy, safety, personalized medicine

Medical Science, 2026, 30, e107ms3879

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Published: 21 June 2026