Volume 30, Issue 168, February 2026

Modern methods of treating chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps – A review

Maciej Świerczyna^1♦, Agata Olecka², Filip Gałązka³, Fryderyka Orawczak⁴, Jakub Majcherek⁵, Julia Gałązka⁶, Mateusz Mazurek⁷, Zuzanna Czuba⁷, Mikołaj Kotusiewicz⁸, Tomasz Karwowski⁹

¹Ministry of the Interior and Administration Hospital, Północna 42, 91-425 Łódź, Poland
²7th Military Naval Hospital, Polanki 117, 80-305 Gdańsk, Poland
³Copernicus PL Sp. z o.o., St. Adalbert Hospital, aleja Jana Pawła II 50, 80-462 Gdańsk, Poland
⁴Medical University of Lodz, Al. Kosciuszki 4, 90-419, Łódź, Poland
⁵Voivodeship Hospital in Tarnów, Lwowska 178A, 33-100, Tarnów, Poland
⁶Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw, Wóycickiego 1/3, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland
⁷Medical University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 61, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
⁸Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Poland
⁹Voivodeship Hospital in Płock, Medyczna 19, 09-400 Płock, Poland

^♦Corresponding author
Maciej Świerczyna, Ministry of the Interior and Administration Hospital, Północna 42, 91-425 Łódź, Poland

ABSTRACT

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is characterized by a long-term inflammatory process in the upper airways that is mainly driven by type-2 immune responses, including IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13. Epithelial barrier deficiency with eosinophilic inflammation contributes to chronic mucosal edema, polyp formation, and poor quality of life. It is treated with intranasal corticosteroids, saline irrigations, and short courses of oral steroids, or FESS for recalcitrant disease. But the disease relapses frequently, and control for the long term has proven difficult. Novel type 2-targeted biologics include dupilumab (anti-IL-4Rα), mepolizumab (anti-IL-5), omalizumab (anti-IgE), and benralizumab (anti-IL-5Rα), which are part of modern therapy. These treatments have also been shown to significantly reduce polyp size, nasal obstruction, and the need for surgery or steroids. The latest EPOS/EUFOREA recommendations propose the selection of biologics according to phenotype and endotype in order to be used in conjunction with surgery and topical maintenance. The barriers are high cost and lack of long-term data, even though they have been shown to be effective, with good safety. A combination of biologics, state-of-the-art topical therapy, and surgery has the greatest promise for achieving lasting remission and improved quality of life in CRSwNP.

Keywords: chronic rhinosinusitis, nasal polyps, type 2 inflammation, biologic therapy, endoscopic sinus surgery

Medical Science, 2026, 30, e27ms3738

PDF

DOI: https://doi.org/10.54905/disssi.v30i168.e27ms3738

Published: 09 February 2026