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Volume 29, Issue 162, August 2025

About the Cover

Post-burn scars transforming into contractures represent a major clinical concern and a challenge for today’s medicine. They often result in numerous complications, including physical impairment, and have a tendency to recur, which requires individualizing every patient’s therapy and often implementing surgical interventions to regain function. This case report presents a female patient who developed extensive scarring on both hands following a burn injury. The predominant contracture affected the index and thumb of the right hand, with limited wrist mobility. Surgical excision of the scar tissue followed by intermediatethickness skin grafting and matrix dressing resulted in almost complete restoration of hand function and a satisfactory cosmetic outcome. This case illustrates one of several clinical strategies for managing post-burn contractures. Treatment choice depends on the location and severity of the contracture, mobility of surrounding tissues, and the individual needs of the patient, highlighting the importance of personalized medical care.


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CASE REPORT

Case description: Contracture scar as a complication of burns – current clinical management strategies

Adrianna Truszyńska-Zawisza, Julia Nosko, Natalia Sioch, Julia Krotofil, Piotr Jasek, Wojciech Jasek

Post-burn scars transforming into contractures represent a major clinical concern and a challenge for today’s medicine

Medical Science, 2025, 29, e123ms3619

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ARTICLE

Assessment of quality of life in patients suffering from insomnia

Martyna Winiarska, Dominika Wiśniewska, Michał Klimas, Dominik Jucha, Arkadiusz Jamro, Sabina Krupa- Nurcek

Introduction: Insomnia is a common sleep disorder characterized by persistent difficulties with sleep initiation, maintenance or early awakening despite adequate opportunity for sleep

Medical Science, 2025, 29, e124ms3674

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REVIEW

Neuroprotective effects of the ketogenic diet and its potential in psychiatric treatment- A review

Agnieszka Czernecka, Patrycja Pysz, Marek Borecki, Karolina Jałocha, Justyna Kuciel, Maria Mroczka, Kinga Świtała, Dominik Tomczak, Roksana Hrapkowicz, Kinga Erazmus

Medical researchers have recently investigated new treatment methods for psychiatric disorders due to drug resistance in many patients. Clinical studies show that

Medical Science, 2025, 29, e125ms3599

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The use of liquid levothyroxine in the treatment of patients with hypothyroidism and comorbiditiesa review of the literature

Krzysztof Pawlikowski, Michał Korpalski, Maria Pawluczyk, Marek Żygłowicz, Mateusz Marciniak, Adam Torbicki, Piotr Gaworek, Dominik Augustyn, Alicja Trybuła

The primary drug used to treat hypothyroidism is synthetic levothyroxine. Patients with other diseases besides hypothyroidism often have malabsorption of levothyroxine administered

Medical Science, 2025, 29, e126ms3632

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Endometriosis treatment in the 21st century: current trends and clinical perspectives

Paulina Wasilewska, Olga Wojtczak, Kacper Zagaja, Justyna Wróblewska, Hubert Ziembicki, Natalia Skrzypska

Chronic pelvic pain, infertility, and severe menstrual symptoms are part of everyday life for millions of women around the world. These issues often remain undiagnosed, especially when it comes to endometriosis

Medical Science, 2025, 29, e127ms3666

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The Synergy of physical activity and vitamin D3 supplementation as a potential strategy to support depression treatment: biological mechanisms and intervention perspectives

Sebastian Polok, Małgorzata Wasilewska, Krzysztof Pietrzak, Adriana Potoczek

Depression affects over 20 million people globally, causing disability and socioeconomic burdens. First-line treatments fail in 30-50% of patients. Novel approaches targeting neuroinflammation and synaptic deficits are needed

Medical Science, 2025, 29, e128ms3634

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Chiari malformations: a review of intervention methods

Błażej Gajęcki, Tomasz Kucharski, Agata Brzyska, Sandra Prolejko, Greta Steć, Justyna Kopala, Magdalena Pawlak, Weronika Buczek, Weronika Kotnis, Jan Siemianowski

Treatment of the four Chiari Malformations has varied throughout its short diagnostic history. As one of the more common congenital and acquired cerebral defects, current medical publishing has failed to provide an exhausting report of the morbidity

Medical Science, 2025, 29, e129ms3618

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The Role of Lower Limb Exoskeletons in the Rehabilitation of Gait Disorders: A Review

Rafał Gołacki, Michał Świta, Katarzyna Procajło, Julia Szewczyk

Introduction: Gait disturbances resulting from lower limb dysfunctions cause meaningful changes in the lives and independence of older adults, and the number of people affected by this problem will continue to increase in the future.

Medical Science, 2025, 29, e130ms3623

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Impact of bronchial asthma on the occurrence of complications in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

Przemysław Prokop, Szymon Graczyk, Zuzanna Wróbel, Paula Szymańska, Aleksandra Podraszka, Ewelina Knapczyk

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and asthma are severe lung problems. This study looked at whether having asthma makes it more likely for someone with ARDS to have complications.

Medical Science, 2025, 29, e131ms3610

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Metformin in Oncology- Its Effect on Cancer Development and Progression

Mateusz Marciniak, Adam Torbicki, Michał Korpalski, Maria Pawluczyk, Krzysztof Pawlikowski, Marek Żygłowicz, Dominik Augustyn, Piotr Gaworek, Alicja Trybuła

Purpose: This review examines the mechanisms and role of action of metformin in oncology, highlighting its potential as an anti-cancer drug beyond its primary use in the treatment of type 2 diabetes

Medical Science, 2025, 29, e132ms3665

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The Cardiovascular Paradox of Marathon Running: Acute Stress, Chronic Adaptations, and Longterm Health Implications

Lidia Żyła, Tomasz Czapiewski, Maksymilian Szymczak, Wiktor Szymajda, Aleksandra Trojańska

This article explores the intricate relationship between marathon running and cardiovascular health. As participation in marathons increases year by year, scientific research into the acute responses and chronic adaptations of the cardiovascular system is becoming more common

Medical Science, 2025, 29, e133ms3614

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The Role of Vitamin D3 in Musculoskeletal Recovery: Implications for Bone, Muscle, and Tendon Healing Across Athletic Disciplines

Tomasz Kucharski, Agata Brzyska, Oliwia Kowalczyk, Sandra Prolejko, Błażej Gajęcki, Greta Steć, Justyna Kopala, Magdalena Pawlak, Mikołaj Wiśniewski, Maciejowski Michał

Background: Tissue repair, immunological control, skeletal muscle function, and calcium-phosphorus metabolism depend on vitamin D3. Its deficiency is widespread among athletes and may impede musculoskeletal recovery

Medical Science, 2025, 29, e134ms3622

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Lazertinib and amivantamab in the treatment of lung cancer with EGFR mutation

Agata Żak-Gontarz, Barbara Anna Zapalska, Antonina Teresa Witkowska, Aleksandra Minda, Justyna Janikowska, Julia Piotrowska, Aleksandra Łubińska- Kowalska, Adrianna Domańska, Adrianna Witkowska, Monika Wendland, Krzysztof Julian Długosz

Worldwide, the leading cause of mortality is lung cancer. There are two most common types of this cancer: non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which is in first place in prevalence, and small cell lung cancer (SCLC).

Medical Science, 2025, 29, e135ms3677

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Effect of increased body mass index on the risk of prostate cancer: Systematic review

Maciej Wyskok, Michał Kluska, Anna Bieda, Julia Beata Krasnodębska, Arkadiusz Zaremba, Karolina Stachyra, Marta Borecka, Przemysław Kwiatka, Karolina Hanusz, Mateusz Leśniewski, Filip Kasperczak

Introduction; Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men. A variety of factors influence the progression of prostate cancer. Body mass index (BMI) has been associated with an increased risk of developing prostate cancer

Medical Science, 2025, 29, e136ms3613

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The efficacy and safety of medical cannabis in the management of chronic pain: A systematic review

Paulina Wasilewska, Paula Klemenska, Weronika Pierudzka, Józef Sławatycki, Konrad Warczak

Chronic pain is a worldwide health issue that over 20% of word’s population suffer from and it requires evidence-based treatment approaches

Medical Science, 2025, 29, e137ms3651

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Adverse pregnancy outcomes in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases. A literature review

Julia Ciechanowicz, Stanisław Ciechanowicz, Julia Dura, Marika Gutowska, Piotr Kupidłowski, Agata Nowacka, Adrianna Perzanowska, Aleksandra Przybylska, Zuzanna Tomaszewska, Anna Zielińska

Autoimmune rheumatic diseases are chronic disorders with increasing prevalence and frequently affecting women in their reproductive period. Inflammatory rheumatic disorders influence the risk of developing adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) among these patients

Medical Science, 2025, 29, e138ms3648

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ARTICLE

Assessment of quality of life in opinion of patients suffering from multiple sclerosis

Patrycja Patronik, Izabella Prządo, Łukasz Karaś, Sabina Krupa-Nurcek

Background: Multiple sclerosis is a disease characterized by multifocal damage to the central nervous system. The incurable and progressive nature of this disease significantly affects the quality of life of patients, covering both physical, mental, and social spheres of life

Medical Science, 2025, 29, e139ms3650

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REVIEW

Postcholecystectomy syndrome - management and treatment

Michał Korpalski, Maria Pawluczyk, Krzysztof Pawlikowski, Marek Żygłowicz, Adam Torbicki, Dominik Augustyn, Piotr Gaworek, Mateusz Marciniak, Alicja Trybuła

Gallstones are described as one of the most common diseases of the digestive system. It can affect 15% of the adult population. The standard of treatment for symptomatic gallbladder stones is laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Medical Science, 2025, 29, e140ms3670

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Microplastic and Nanoplastic Pollution: A Pervasive Toxic Trespass with Profound Global Health Consequences

Krzysztof Pietrzak, Małgorzata Wasilewska, Sebastian Polok

Microplastic (MP) and Nanoplastic Pollution (NP) is an emerging global concern. It has health implications for humans. This review explores new evidence about human pathways of exposure, organ systems effects, at-risk populations, ecological implications, and possible prevention options

Medical Science, 2025, 29, e141ms3655

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Dermatological Manifestations of Psychiatric Disorders: Narrative Review

Anita Szymańska, Marta Dzieciątkowska, Weronika Pierudzka, Agnieszka Mariowska, Paulina Horwat

Background: Psychodermatology is an interdisciplinary field that examines the complex interplay between psychological factors and dermatological symptoms.

Medical Science, 2025, 29, e142ms3639

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Methods used in the rehabilitation and treatment of scoliosis

Kołodziejczyk A, Świątko M, Sosnowski P, Rybak J, Grzebyk M, Tokarska A, Arnista A, Gawrońska K, Waszczuk A, Łapiński P

The aim of this paper is to review and characterize the current rehabilitative and conservative methods used in the treatment of scoliosis.

Medical Science, 2025, 29, e143ms3642

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The Rise of Supplement Use in Recreational Athletes: Benefits and Health Risks – A Literature Review

Aleksandra Górniak, Aleksandra Kubas, Michał Widawski, Natalia Gizińska, Aleksander Sobczyk, Paulina Lewandowska, Amelia Rusiecka

Introduction: Supplements have become increasingly used in the last several years, most prominently among recreational athletes. Although some supplements, such as protein powders, creatine, or pre-workouts, are helpful in the short term.

Medical Science, 2025, 29, e144ms3687

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Internet as a source of knowledge about headaches in children

Wiktoria Kubziakowska, Julia Stelmach, Jakub Rychlik, Patrycja Podlejska, Justyna Abramowicz, Dawid Zakrzewski, Marta Zawadzka, Maria Mazurkiewicz- Bełdzińska

The internet is one of the primary sources of knowledge people rely on for information regarding their health. With a vast number of articles available on various diseases and symptoms.

Medical Science, 2025, 29, e145ms3596

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Psychological Impact of Facial Scarring in Maxillofacial Trauma Patients: A Systematic Review

Jakub Górski, Marta Górska, Maciej Janowski, Paweł Czyż, Antonina Strzałkowska

The emotional toll of facial scars (particularly those left behind after mandibular or broader facial trauma) has often been brushed aside in clinical care or, at the very least, not fully acknowledged

Medical Science, 2025, 29, e146ms3697

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A Systematic Review of the Latest Treatments and Risk Factors in Pregnant Women with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Natalia Sioch, Julia Urbańska, Julia Sztubińska, Marta Urszula Marciniak, Marta Tortyna, Julia Krotofil, Paula Szarek, Olga Samsel, Kamil Nieczaj, Maciej Trzciński, Danuta Borowska

This paper reviews the important medical problem of women with systemic lupus erythematosus during pregnancy. As an autoimmune disease, lupus can significantly impact the health of both mother and baby

Medical Science, 2025, 29, e147ms3633

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Incorporating Oral Health into Medical Curricula: A Critical Necessity

Aleksander Sobczyk, Aleksandra Górniak, Michał Widawski, Natalia Gizińska, Aleksandra Kubas, Arkadiusz Zaremba, Franciszek Cichur, Paulina Lewandowska, Amelia Rusiecka

Introduction: Oral diseases are one of the most common health conditions, yet their prevalence is not reflected in medical teaching. Additionally, substantial research shows the close connection between oral health and systemic health

Medical Science, 2025, 29, e148ms3625

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CASE REPORT

Diagnostic burdens in patient with CLL/SLL in the primary care clinic - A case report

Karol Miklusiak, Klaudia Miklusiak

Introduction: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) together with small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) are considered different manifestations of the same disease from the group of low-grade B-cell lymphomas

Medical Science, 2025, 29, e149ms3667

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REVIEW

mRNA Therapeutics Beyond Vaccines: Emerging Applications in Rare and Chronic Diseases

Marta Górska, Maciej Janowski, Jakub Górski, Paweł Czyż, Antonina Strzałkowska

Messenger RNA (mRNA) isn’t just about COVID-19 vaccines anymore, far from it. In just the past few years (especially starting around 2015), mRNA technology has begun to change the way we think about treating disease

Medical Science, 2025, 29, e150ms3698

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Creative Commons License

© The Author(s) 2025. Open Access. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC BY 4.0).