Volume 27, Issue 136, June 2023

About the Cover

Background: Gut microbiome is a vast microorganism’s ecosystem that resides in the human gastrointestinal tract. Microbiota can have a complex crosstalk with the central nervous system, creating “gut–brain axis”, playing a crucial role in neuropsychiatric disorders pathogenesis. Aim: This study aimed to assess knowledge about human gut microbiota, dysbiosis and gut-brain interplay in neuropsychiatric disorders among Saudi medical students. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study using questionnaires to collect the data, targeting senior medical students and interns in Saudi Arabia from November 2022 to January 2023. Results: Overall, our study shows that our students possess adequate general knowledge about microbiota, dysbiosis and probiotics; however, they lack sufficient knowledge regarding gut-brain axis and dysbiosis role in the context of neuropsychiatric diseases pathogenesis and management. Conclusion: Developing the medical curricula and adopting more modalities of learning strategies to discuss the most recent scientific advances in different medical topics are crucial to enhance medical students’ knowledge acquisition, thus providing adequate recommendation to their future patients and community

Table of Contents

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ANALYSIS

Compassion fatigue, burnout and compassion satisfaction among physicians in Makkah region, Saudi Arabia: A cross sectional study

Ibrahim HM Alharbi, Nawras Ali Alyamani, Dai Osama Zafer, Sarah Ahmed Munshi, Hala Tariq Jawa

Background: Burnout (BO) is a syndrome of emotional depletion, cynicism and lack of personal achievement that occurs among individuals who work continuously with people.

Medical Science, 2023, 27, e241ms3020

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Assessment of Saudi medical students’ knowledge about microbiota, dysbiosis and gut-brain interplay in neuropsychiatric disorders

Hemat El-Sayed El-Horany, Rahaf Saleh Alenezi, Hadeel Talal Alshammari, Noha M Elghazally

Background: Gut microbiome is a vast microorganism’s ecosystem that resides in the human gastrointestinal tract. Microbiota can have a complex crosstalk with the central nervous system, creating “gut–brain axis”.

Medical Science, 2023, 27, e242ms3050

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Prevalence and impact of medication overuse headache on quality of life among health college’s students in Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia

Amal H Mohamed, Abuobaida Yassin, Hussain Khalid Shaykhayn, Hadeel Mohammed Y Albeishy, Ruwaym Jaber Mohammed Alharbi, Hana Mohammad Ali Homadi, Azhar Mohammed Qasem Moafa, Atheer Ibrahim Darraj

Background: Headache is one of the major health problems worldwide that impacted the quality of life. The aim of this study is to identify the prevalence and impact of medication overuse headache on quality of life.

Medical Science, 2023, 27, e243ms3053

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CASE REPORT

Hepatic hydatidosis complicating pregnancy: A clinical challenge

Nidhi Avinash Patel, Neema Acharya, Kiran Borkar, Twisha Patel

Pregnancy is an immunologically vulnerable state. Due to various physiological and metabolic changes that take place during pregnancy, female body is more prone to pathogenic infections.

Medical Science, 2023, 27, e244ms2739

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Effect of early physiotherapeutic interventions as an adjunct to surgical approach in a case of chronic femoral osteomyelitis: A case report

Tushara Nair, Kumar GP

Chronic osteomyelitis is identified as long-run infection of the bone, characterized by the sequestration, fistula and necrotic bone formation. A 27-year-old male diagnosed with chronic right femoral osteomyelitis.

Medical Science, 2023, 27, e245ms3041

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REPORT

Cytoreductive nephrectomy plus targeted therapy in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma: Our experience

Vishal Kadeli, Mahesh Kalloli, Shridhar C Ghagane, Nerli RB, Rangrez Shadab, Murigendra B Hiremath

Introduction: Renal cell carcinoma presents with metastatic disease in approximately 30% of cases. Since the introduction of targeted therapies, they have demonstrated impressive gains in overall survival.

Medical Science, 2023, 27, e246ms2668

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Normal reference values of Caton Deschamp ratio in knee joint for patellar height in Indian population

Priya Potdukhe, Sandeep Dhote, Avinash Dhok, Ameen Ansari

Background: The patella, which is located in the quadriceps tendon, is the biggest sesamoid bone in humans. The most essential factor in determining patellar stability is patellar height.

Medical Science, 2023, 27, e247ms2968

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ANALYSIS

Blood transfusion knowledge among nurses in Karima: Teaching hospital experience

Manal A Ahmed, Rasha Sidahmed El Hissiene Hammed, Sara Elsadig Ibrahem Mohamed, Suheir AM Sayed, Nahla Ahmed Alkhalifa Ali, Salwa Ali Mouse Mohamed

Background: Blood transfusion is a crucial and prevalent medical treatment that involves administering transfused blood and its components to save a patient's life.

Medical Science, 2023, 27, e248ms3013

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Rhomboid muscle spasms among the population of Saudi Arabia

Abdulmalik B Albaker, Daifallah Mohammed Alharbi, Ali A Al Ghufaily, Sultan K Almisfer, Yousef M Alobaysi, Waleed K Alghuyaythat, Marwan S Alshehri

Background: The objective of the study was to study Rhomboid muscle Spasms among the population of Saudi Arabia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in different regions of Saudi Arabia.

Medical Science, 2023, 27, e249ms3025

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Educational program effects on knowledge, attitude and performance of parents of thalassemia children: A quasi-experimental study

Mahla Lotfi, Mozhgan Rahnama, Elaheh Asadi-Bidmeshki, Abdolghani Abdollahimohammad, Mahin Naderifar

Objectives: Most of the parents of thalassemia children do not have sufficient knowledge and proper attitude and performance in facing the process of their child's disease.

Medical Science, 2023, 27, e250ms3033

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Impact of emergency department ultrasound in diagnosing patients with right upper quadrant pain in a tertiary hospital in the Kingdom of Bahrain: A cross-sectional study

Taif Najeebi, Lina Aljailani, Horeya Falamarzi, Salah Alghanem

Introduction: Patients presents to the emergency department commonly with complaints of right upper quadrant pain. Ultrasound is widely used in diagnosis; thus, emergency physicians should be able to interpret bedside ultrasound results.

Medical Science, 2023, 27, e251ms2949

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Prevalence of depression and its associated factors among elderly. Cross sectional study in health cluster two, Saudi Arabia, Riyadh

Bashaer A Alzahrani, Abdulaziz A Alodhayani, Faris A Alzahrani, Faisal F Alotaibi

Background: Major Depression Disorder (MDD) is considered one of the challenging issues to diagnose in elderly due to its atypical presentation in this particular group of age.

Medical Science, 2023, 27, e252ms3007

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Knowledge, beliefs, attitudes and awareness level towards bipolar disorder among Saudi population: A national survey

Dalal Mohammed Albakr, Feras A AL-Awad, Mohammed Almaslami, Yousef Alshaikh, Norah Almudaymigh, Majed Bin Dayel, Nidhal Rasheed Al-Muhanna, Amar Hussain Alsubaie, Khames T Alzahrani

Background: Bipolar disorder is a mental disorder characterized by cycle patterns of depression and the condition in which patients increase their level of activity or energy, mood or behavior (mania) or hypomania.

Medical Science, 2023, 27, e253ms3077

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Awareness of Cluster Headache among students of Hail University

Walid Alesefir, Muath Alshammari, Abdullah Almuwaysi, Turki Alshammari, Yousef Alanazi

Introduction: Cluster headache (CH) needs to be better studied in our region, given the absence of previous literature in Saudi Arabia regarding awareness of this rare disease.

Medical Science, 2023, 27, e254ms3054

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Anatomical variations and the correlation between hand and forearm superficial vein types among medical students

Mustafa Kandil, Waleed K Aljohani, Mohammed Fahad Aloufi, Naim Zaknoun, Abdulaziz Hassan Alraddadi, Rand A Rasheed, Bana Jeha, Abdullah A Alkurdi

Background: Veins are blood veins that transport deoxygenated blood to the heart. Because they convey oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the heart, pulmonary veins are an exception.

Medical Science, 2023, 27, e255ms3062

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Prevalence rate assessment of impacted canine among patients with peg shape lateral incisor in Saudi Arabia

Hussain Y A Marghalani, Salma Shahin, Horia Alghanmi, Abdulmohsen Alahmari, Sultana Alshammry, Hind Alserhan, Abdulmajeed Alaamri, Dhuha Alshaikh, Ammar Wali, Abeer Alanazi, Muath Saeedi, Almaha Alniami, Khames T Alzahrani

Background: In orthodontic facilities, maxillary canine impaction is a common clinical condition. The objective of this study will be to assess the prevalence of impacted canines among orthodontic patients.

Medical Science, 2023, 27, e256ms3068

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CASE REPORT

Effect of proprioceptive exercises on balance and kinesiophobia in a patient with bilateral total hip arthroplasty: A case report

Tushara Nair, Kumar GP

Total hip arthroplasty (THA), done as a result of idiopathic avascular necrosis damages the joint proprioceptors which leads to impairments in proprioception, balance and increase in the fear of movements that is kinesiophobia.

Medical Science, 2023, 27, e257ms3049

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Management and rehabilitation of rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis in immuno-compromised patient- post COVID-19 – deterioration of deteriorated

Sri Lekha Rao, Archana R Thool

A 27-year-old male with seropositive status came to ophthalmology OPD with complaints of swelling on medial side of left medial canthus and left lid edema since 2 weeks followed by diminution of vision in left eye since 8 days.

Medical Science, 2023, 27, e258ms2844

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REPORT

Short term functional outcome of transforaminal epidural steroid injection in the treatment of lumbar disc prolapse

Niranjanan Raghavn Muralidharagopalan, Damodharan Vasudevan, Abin Mahmood Nizar

Introduction: Low back ache is one of the most common causes of physical constraints at work, affecting around 80 percent of the population. Mechanical low back ache and disc prolapse are more seen in younger population.

Medical Science, 2023, 27, e259ms3064

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Association between sleep quality and cardiovascular diseases risk among general population of Makkah region, Saudi Arabia

Ahmed Jafar Khusayfan, Abdullah Eid Alharbi, Abdullah Saad Alharbi, Albraa Jameel Khayyat, Fadi Luaai Qutub, Omar Furayj Alharbi, Bassam Abdullah Saati, Mokhtar Mahfouz Shatla

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a category of illnesses that affect the heart and blood vessels and are the major cause of death and morbidity globally and locally in Saudi Arabia (SA).

Medical Science, 2023, 27, e260ms3078

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ANALYSIS

Prevalence and clinical aspects of post COVID-19 infection complications among population of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Fathi El-Gamal, Ahmed Jiman, Mohammed Aljabri, Hussam Aljuhani, Asem Fadel, Nawaf Aljedaani

COVID-19 could lead to several extra-respiratory system specific manifestations and complications. This study aimed at exploring the occurrence and determinants of post COVID-19 infection.

Medical Science, 2023, 27, e261ms3063

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Prevalence and determinants of Allergic Rhinitis among the population of Jeddah Saudi Arabia

Fathi El-Gamal, Kameelya Alsulaimani, Layan Alkarimi, Khadija Alnasif, Abdullatif Maimny, Ahmed Mohammed-Hussain

The clinical aspects of allergic rhinitis (AR) and its impact on the quality of life of the population in Jeddah city were studied in a cross-section study of 650 subjects.

Medical Science, 2023, 27, e262ms3083

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Perception of postpartum depressive symptoms and associated risk factors. A study in the women of Hail, Saudi Arabia

Naveed Iqbal, Lamya A Alshammari, Sarah Al Barrak

Postpartum Depression (PPD) is an episode of mood disorder that occurs within four weeks after delivery. It’s a major health problem affecting the mothers after childbirth.

Medical Science, 2023, 27, e263ms3022

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CASE REPORT

A Rare case of thrombosed cavernous hemangioma in the right arm of a child: A case report

Chaitanya Kumar Javvaji, Amar Taksande, Jayant Vagha, Revat Meshram

A cavernous hemangioma happens when capillaries small blood vessels that connect arteries and veins – swell and form a noncancerous mass called an angioma.

Medical Science, 2023, 27, e264ms3048

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ANALYSIS

Risk factors, diagnosis and management of primary angle-closure glaucoma after cataract surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Anunya Deewijit, Jing-Min Guo, Jun-Ming Wang

Background: The world's most common reason for blindness is primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) and treatment trends are changing. The development of anterior segment imaging has improved.

Medical Science, 2023, 27, e265ms3030

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Incidence and risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity in Medina city, Saudi Arabia

Majed Tale’a Alharbi, Abeer Habeeb Almutairi, Mohammed Ghazi Alsaedi, Haneen Omar Alhujaili

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is the most common cause of childhood blindness. It is a proliferative retinopathy of premature, low birth weight (BW) infants.

Medical Science, 2023, 27, e266ms3045

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Tobacco use and secondhand smoking among pregnant women in Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia

Maha Almutairi, Nouf Alkalbi, Zahrah Alsharif, Mohamad Almotairy, Ayman Almotairy, Abdulmohsen Al-Zalabani

Objectives: This study investigated the prevalence of tobacco smoking and second-hand smoking among pregnant women in Al-Madina, Saudi Arabia, as well as the factors associated with it.

Medical Science, 2023, 27, e267ms3086

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Assessing disability and quality of life among migraine patients: A single center study using MIDAS and SF-36 questionnaires in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Nawaf A Alahmadi, Abdullatif G Bshnaq, Mohammed Alkhathlan, Rakan Alzahrani, Ahmed Alansari, Abdulrahman A Alyasi, Mohamed Eldigire Ahmed, Abdullah Alzahrani

Background: Migraine is characterized by painful headaches lasting 4-27 hours and accompanied by nausea and disturbed vision. It is considered the seventh major factor for living with disability.

Medical Science, 2023, 27, e268ms3090

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The prevalent practice and attitude toward neonatal danger signs among mothers in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia

Ali Tawfiq Alamer, Mohammed Ali Alshayeb, Hassan Nassir M Bumejdad, Kadhem Hussain Alhaddad, Mohammed Saeed Alramadan, Jalal Khaled Aldandan, Ahmed Eissa Aleissa, Ali Ameer Al Mohammedsaleh, Mohammed Hussain Al Ali, Raghad Yousof Alturaifi, Fatimah Mohammed Ahmed Alshakhs, Sawsan Sami Albattat, Zainab Hussain Buzaid, Fares Ahmad Al Fares, Sirar Ahmad Alali

Background: Neonatal danger signs were recommended by World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF), which categorized new-borns at higher risk of morbidity and mortality.

Medical Science, 2023, 27, e269ms3035

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Assessment of the extent, causes and prevalence of aspirin resistance among Saudi and Egyptian patients: A comparative study

Madiha Rabie Mahmoud, Amal Fahad Sadon Aljibreen, Sham Thuwaini Marzouq, Alshammari, Sherif Gad Abdelaziz, Osama G Abdelaziz, Fahmida Khatoon Zahid Balouch, Ahmed Fathy Abdou Abbas

Background and Aim: Aspirin (antiplatelets) was significantly effective as anticoagulant in reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Aspirin resistance was reported by some studies.

Medical Science, 2023, 27, e270ms3046

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Migraine in emergency department; a retrospective analysis of the attendances at a major city hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Osama Mohammed Binbakheet, Wael Obaid Aladham Alanazi, Hend Hamoud Alshammari, Abdelwahed Sayar Alenezy, Abdulaziz Abdullah Mohammed Hussain, Ammar Ahmad Hassan Alasiri, Fahad Awad Asiri, Sarah Ahmed Alghamdi, Farah Ahmed Alghamdi, Hashim Marshud R Alsaedi, Fahad Hadram Alasemr Alharbi, Rayan Dhaif Allah A Alamri

Saudi Arabia has the highest rates for migraine, per the Global Summary of the Eastern Mediterranean Region. A recent audit found that 30% of patients with headache-related ED discharge data had been given a migraine diagnosis.

Medical Science, 2023, 27, e271ms3092

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REPORT

The consequence of deconditioning on the levels of physical fitness in healthy school going children

Dhwani Chanpura, Kumar GP

Background: Physical inactivity (PI) and sedentary behaviours (SB) play a significant impact in health-related risks and the development of chronic diseases. Evidence suggests that a majority of elementary school children.

Medical Science, 2023, 27, e272ms3069

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ANALYSIS

Knowledge, attitudes and practice toward venous thromboembolism prophylaxis among students of Health Colleges, Al-Baha University, Saudi Arabia

Turki H Alkully, Yasser Kofiah, Zahraa Yousef H Almakinah, Basil S Alghamdi, Bandar A Alomari, Ahlam S Alabbad, Alla A Alhumaidan, Israa A Alshakhs

Background: The incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is rising gradually in emerging nations and is a global public health concern. This research aims to assess knowledge, attitude and practice.

Medical Science, 2023, 27, e273ms2891

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A cross-sectional study of medical students' perceptions about family medicine in Saudi Arabia

Futoon Afandy, Abdullah Khafagy, Razan Alsuayri, Alaa Kadah Salim, Reem Khan, Lena Mahrous, Mohammed Shaikh Omer, Nadeem Ikram

Objectives: The main aim of this study is to evaluate the interest and knowledge of medical students about family medicine (FM) in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted.

Medical Science, 2023, 27, e274ms3079

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Assessment of staging in gingival cancer: The value of computed tomography

Dang Kim Phung, Nguyen The Anh, Lam Diem Phuong, Dang Vinh Hiep, Nguyen Anh Huy, Nguyen Tin Trung, Huynh Quang Huy

Purpose: To assess the values of computed tomography in T staging of gingival cancer. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study conducted with 102 patients who had CT-scans and pathology.

Medical Science, 2023, 27, e275ms3112

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Prevalence of Contact Lens usage and relationship between the risky practices and complications among adolescents and adults in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Jumana S Alghamdi, Nizar M Alhibshi, Shahad T Khayyat, Raghad M Alzhrani, Wasayf M Almehmadi, Maram Y Alqahtani, Sara A Alansari

Contact lens (CL) wearers' lens care habits are critical in lowering the risk of contact lens problems. The general Saudi population has limited knowledge of CLs practice.

Medical Science, 2023, 27, e276ms2967

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Prevalence of overweight and obesity and its risk factors in adults Type 1 Diabetic patients among Saudi general population

Lujain Bin Othman, Ali Alamri, Yara Assiri, Faris Alzahrani

Background: Diabetes mellitus, a prevalent endocrine disorder worldwide, has seen an increasing global incidence in recent years, establishing it as a significant public health issue.

Medical Science, 2023, 27, e277ms3042

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Role of Computed Tomography in evaluation of invasion and regional lymph nodes metastasis in patients with thyroid cancer

Trương Thụy My, Lam Diem Phương, Dang Vinh Hiep, Huynh Quang Huy

Background: Vietnam reported 5471 new thyroid cancer patients which rank tenth in 2020. The sensitivity of computed tomography (CT) is higher than ultrasound in evaluation of invasive thyroid cancer.

Medical Science, 2023, 27, e278ms3113

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CASE REPORT

Mobile left atrial thrombus - ping ball: A case report

Mohammad Al Shammri, Manal Alkhonezan, Shahad Alkhonezan

A 45-year-old female with a history of chronic rheumatic heart disease, chronic atrial fibrillation and a past mitral balloon valvotomy in 2002, arrived at the hospital with severe mitral stenosis.

Medical Science, 2023, 27, e279ms3016

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Beaked nose with syndactyly: A rare case of Rubenstein-Taybi syndrome

Kushal Desai, Amar Taksande, Ravat Meshram, Apoorv Jain

Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by facial dysmorphism along with multiple malformations. A 6 years old male child was brought to the Department with complaints.

Medical Science, 2023, 27, e280ms3070

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A rare case of Ataxia Telangiectasia with cerebellar atrophy: A case report

Sri Sita Naga Sai Priya K, Amar Taksande, Meshram RJ, Manasa Suryadevra

Ataxia Telangiectasia (A-T) is an uncommon genetic disorder that affects multiple systems in the body, encompassing the nervous and immune systems. The diagnosis of A-T does not have a definitive diagnostic test.

Medical Science, 2023, 27, e281ms3072

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REPORT

Intravitreal dexamethasone sustained release implant in refractory diabetic macular edema

Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed Ibrahim, Mamdouh Mahmoud Kabeel, Boshra Mohamed Ali Elbayoumi, Amr Aly Mohamed Elshormilisy, Ahmed Samir Montaser

Purpose: Intravitreal therapies with anti-VEGF medications are regarded as effective treatment option. The biodegradable intravitreal implant, Ozurdex (Allergan, Irvine, CA, USA) depends on slow-release dexamethasone.

Medical Science, 2023, 27, e282ms3038

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