Volume 26, Issue 119, January 2022

About the Cover

Background: Hesitancy toward vaccination is a major problem around the globe with significant public health ramifications. It has increased worldwide. Aim of the work: The aim of this study is to explore the level of knowledge about and attitude and practice toward childhood vaccines among parents in Riyadh and Dammam. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study that was conducted in Riyadh and Dammam from December 2019-January 2020 among 899 parents who have children in the vaccination age group 0-17 years old. Results: The mean knowledge score among the studied population was 7.76 out of 18, indicates poor knowledge. The mean hesitancy score was 3.41 out of 14. Only 13.3% of the total population obtained a hesitancy score above 50%. The overall vaccine hesitancy rate was 14.5%. The highest knowledge and attitude scores recorded among the residents of Riyadh, whereas the lowest hesitancy score recorded among residents in Dammam. The important reported barrier for childhood vaccines was that parents didn’t think vaccines were needed for their children. Conclusion: The current study reported poor knowledge but a good attitude toward vaccination and a low level of both vaccine hesitancy and refusal among the studied population.

Table of Contents

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ANALYSIS

Effectiveness of feeding with standard formula of Ensure, Entrameal feeding and Hospital-prepared blended formulas in trauma patients admitted to ICU

Shima Shahri, Behnam Mahmodiyeh, Alireza Kamali, Faegheh Kazemi Majd

Introduction: In the present study, we decided to compare the effectiveness and economic efficiency of ensure, standard entrameal feeding and standard hospital gavage in trauma patients admitted

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms1e1840

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Emotional intelligence and stress coping mechanisms among dental students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Bahija Basheer, Mohammed Alassaf, Abdulelah Alameer, Abdulaziz Alghamdi, Nasser Alzaaqi, Fahhad Alfaran, Faisal Alanzi

Background: Dental education and practice have been considered as one of the most challenging and stressful fields. The type of stressors and stress perception methods in the dental academic environment varies depending on multiple factors

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms2e2018

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Assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practice toward childhood vaccination in Riyadh and Dammam, Saudi Arabia

Dalia Saad ElFeky, Amal Saleh Alsaif, Alhanouf Adnan Alkhuwaylidi, Dalal Hamed Alkalthem, Shahad Fouzi Alharthi, Norah Junaid Bajunaid, Fatima Humood Aldhaferi, Batool Nawaf Almuhaysin

Background: Hesitancy toward vaccination is a major problem around the globe with significant public health ramifications. It has increased worldwide. Aim of the work: The aim of this study is to explore the level of knowledge about and attitude and practice toward childhood vaccines among parents in Riyadh and Dammam

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms3e2015

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Professional exposure and the risk of covid-19 infection among Saudi dentists during the first semester of the pandemic: A cross-sectional study

Arwa Alnoury, Tariq Abuhaimed

Objective: To explore practice changes among dentists during the first six months of the COVID-19 pandemic (March-August 2020) and to estimate the risk of occupational COVID-19 infection in association with the professional risk factors

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms4e1908

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Prevalence, knowledge, attitude and practice of using topical retinoids among Saudi population, Saudi Arabia

Sahar Hasan Alsharif, Ashwaq Alosaimi, Raghad Aldoobi, Yousra Alturki, Rawan Aldhahwani, Suha Alsayed, Shahad Bukhari

Background: Vitamin A (all-trans-retinol) derivatives are collectively referred to as retinoids. It is FDA approved to treat acne. We aimed to assess the prevalence, knowledge, attitude, and practice of using topical retinoids among all the region's populations.

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms5e2023

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Influence of Vitamin D status on hematological markers of inflammation in prediabetes

Vidya Bhakta, Said Khader, Rubeena Quadri

Objectives: Inflammation is the integral pathophysiological component of prediabetes. Hemogram is a routinely performed lab test, cheap and convenient to reproduce; hence hematological indices are useful to monitor the disease process

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms6e1911

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CASE REPORT

Ludwig’s angina after severe thrombocytopenia associated with dengue fever in a primigravida: A case report

Sameera Dronamraju, Sourya Acharya, Shraddha Jain, Charan Bagga, Sunil Kumar

Ludwig's angina is a potentially fatal condition that can result from periodontal infections that are not treated promptly. It is uncommon in pregnancy; however, it has been documented.

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms7e1921

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ANALYSIS

Infection control practices in dental clinics of Al-Jouf region, Saudi Arabia: A cross sectional study

Abdulkarim Alshamrani, Amany Ghazy, Ibrahim Taher, Waleed Elawamy, Awad Ashekhi

Dental practices have been associated with an increased risk of transmission of infections between patients and dentists, or among patients. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the infection prevention and control (IPC) practices in dental care settings of the Ministry of Health in Al-Jouf region, Saudi Arabia

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms8e2022

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Gallbladder stones and their contributing factors in Saudi Arabian population: Knowledge and awareness assessment

Hyder Osman Mirghani, Khaild Fuad Aljuhani, Asmaa Hamed Albuhairy, Malak Mohammed Alghaith, Ammar Dawood Alzoriri, Khalid Abdullah Saleh, Fayez Dakhil Allah Althobaiti, Khames T Alzahrani

Background: In 90% of cases, the main cause of acute cholecystitis is gallbladder stones. The majority of Saudis are still unaware about Put, and there aren't enough papers in Saudi Arabia about gallstone disease knowledge.

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms9e2026

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Knowledge, attitude and practice of bariatric surgery among primary care physicians in Riyadh, 2020

Arwa Abdulsalam Alkhuraiji, Rema Saad Almohanna, Mohammed Hamad Aldebasi, Nouf Abdulaziz Altwaijri, Imad Abdulmajeed, Raghad Saleh Alharbi, Taghreed Mohammed Al Hazmi

Objectives: This study aimed to determine knowledge, attitude and practice of bariatric surgery among PHCP’s in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods: From September to December 2020, a 43-question questionnaire was developed and delivered to all PHCPs practicing in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms10e2011

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Difference in prevalence of digital eye strain among students using online e-learning during COVID-19 pandemic in western of Saudi Arabia

Yaser Elhams, Abdullah Fakieha, Salah Bakry, Abdulaziz Albarakati, Faisal Alshehri, Hussain Alhelali

Background: Due to the increased use of digital devices and advanced technology in the last year, digital eye strain is a significant health problem leading to serious complications if it is not well managed

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms11e1949

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Saudi population knowledge and awareness about orthodontic space maintainers

Ahmed Marghalani, Abdulrahman Alomairy, Hanin Alahmadi, Ghadi Aloufi, Lama Aljuhani, Norah Alzubedy, Adeeb Alruthaya, Shabib Alharbi, Saif Alharbi, Mohammed Aldughayyim, Amal Althubyani, Basmah Alhassan, Khames Alzahrani

Background: Premature loss of deciduous teeth results in arch discrepancy, crowding, permanent tooth impaction, midline shift, and thereafter function impairment.

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms12e2032

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The level of awareness regarding bronchial asthma among Riyadh population

Amar Fathi M Khalifah , Yazan Abdullah Alansari, Abdulaziz Ibrahim Alhonaizil, Abdulaziz Ibrahim Alsadhan, Naif Abdulmohsen Almujalli, Saleh Emad Abu-Alreesh, Yaser Saleh Alkraidis, Ahmed Khalid Alghamdi, Mohammed Saud Alsharif

Background: bronchial asthma is a long-standing disease which results from airway inflammation and hyper responsiveness. Methodology: this is a cross-sectional study which was conducted in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms13e2037

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Assessment of otolaryngology knowledge among primary care providers in Saudi Arabia

Badr A Alobaida, Faisal A Alayed, Abdullah K Alrudayni, Rakan A Alzabadin, Sultan A Aldera, Naif I Alrajhi, Meshal I Alfrayan, Abdulrahman K Almassari, Feras A Alrakaf, Fahad Z Alotaibi

Objective: This study aims to assess the knowledge and deficits of otolaryngology in primary care physicians who work at primary care centers or tertiary hospitals in Riyadh, KSA.

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms14e2034

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Prognostic value of pre-treatment inflammatory markers in patients with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) from Saudi Arabia

Atlal Abusanad, Abdullah M Alghamdi, Ahmed M Saggaf, Tala A Gazzaz, Raval J Brika

Background: Inflammation is a recognized factor in cancer progression and resistance to treatments. Several studies correlated inflammatory-related peripheral blood indices to disease progression and poor survival in various cancer types and different populations

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms15e2009

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Knowledge and attitude of dentists towards ocular complications of intra-oral local anaesthesia: A survey-based study in Riyadh

Hussain S Al Nasrallah, Bader M Saeedi, Assaf A Albiebi, Firas N Alhozaim, Khaled B Almutairi, Shahzeb H Ansari

Introduction: Local and systemic problems connected to local anaesthetic might occur despite appropriate patient evaluation, correct tissue preparation, and a meticulous administration process

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms16e1933

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CASE SERIES

Clinicoradiological analysis of a series of cyst at periapex diagnosed in central Indian population

Rakhi Chandak, Manoj Chandak, Runal Bansod, Pranali Thakare, Ramhari Sathawane, Pranada Deshmukh, Zareesh Akhtar, Isha Madne

A frequent jaw bone cyst that can be difficult to diagnose is the odontogenic cyst of the neck and head, because it shares clinical and histopathologic features with other odontogenic lesions.

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms17e1945

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ANALYSIS

Pattern of antibiotics prescription by endodontists for root canal infections in Saudi Arabia

Muhammad Atif Agwan, Syed Fareed Mohsin, Sulaiman Ahmed Almatrudi, Thunayan Abdullah Alodhaib, Yahya Raja Alharbi, Nour Abdulmajeed Lardhi, Khames T Alzahrani

Background: Antibiotic resistance is a severe worldwide health concern caused by inappropriate use of antibiotics. In most cases, pulp inflammations caused by a root canal system infection do not necessitate the administration of systemic antibiotics

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms18e2036

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Three-dimensional identification of knife with a thickened tenon edge in solving the issues of modern forensic practice

Pavlo Kyshkan, Ivan Savka

Objectіve of the research: To apply the technіque developed by us for the methods of photogrammetry wіth subsequent creatіon of 3D models and theіr research іn space of the graphіc edіtor "3DsMax" concernіng elements of the wound channel formed by knіfe

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms19e1944

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Skin problems related to personal protective equipment and personal hygiene measures during COVID-19 pandemic among healthcare workers in Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia

Abdullah Jubran Alqhtani, Abrar Ahmed Bin Abbas, Moayad Abdullah Zarbh, Mousa Amer Alshehri, Saleh Mohammed Alqahtani, Rawan Abdullah Alqahtani, Ghada Ahmed Bin Abbas, Ebtehaj Sultan Alshareif

Background: Reports revealed rising levels of skin diseases secondary to protective equipment use. Healthcare providers who are working day and night during the pandemic of COVID-19 are more susceptible to the damage of the skin

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms20e2044

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CASE REPORT

Synchronous primary malignancy of breast and endometrium in premenopausal women - A rare case report

Anurag Bhattacharjee, Geetika Malhotra, Harshal Ramteke, Dhirendra Wagh, Sandip Shinde

Synchronous primary cancer in a single patient is relatively an infrequent occurrence. Combined ovarian & endometrial cancers are well-known synchronous primary cancers in women

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms21e1912

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ANALYSIS

Awareness of Saudi society with benefits prickly pear to lowering diabetes in rats

Garsa Ali Alshehry

This study aims to increase the nutritional awareness of Saudi society and beneficial of the importance of the prickly pear through an electronic questionnaire that includes the extent of Saudi society's awareness of prickly pear and the percentage with diabetes

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms22e1934

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Prevalence of migraine and its effect on the quality of life among the Saudi general population

Ahmed Basardah, Jawaher Mohammed Hassan Al-Ruwaili, Rahaf Abdullah Mohammed Almutiq, Hanan Olaywi Ruddah Alkaabi, Ammar Abdullah Ali Basardah, Abdulaziz Mohammed Saeed Abdulwasea, Rawan Abdullah Ahmed Alqahtani, Ebtehaj Sultan Mohammed Alshareif, Basim Ayed Aljohani, Abdalla Mohamed Bakr Ali

Background: Migraine is a common episodic neurological condition with complicated pathophysiology that manifests itself as repeating bouts of throbbing and unilateral, frequently severe headaches, nausea, phonophobia, and photophobia.

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms23e1928

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The impact of the covid-19 pandemic on the commitment to routine pediatric vaccination among the population in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia 2021: A cross-sectional study

Ather K Alzahrani, Razan M Alzahrani, Wed A Alamri, Maithaa A Aljuhani, Suzan A Morsy, Shereen M Abd El-Ghany

Backgroud: The goal of this study was to see how the COVID-19 pandemic affected children's vaccination in Saudi Arabia. During the COVID-19 pandemic, we investigated the population's commitment to routine immunization of their children as well as the prevalence of vaccine misconceptions.

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms24e2045

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RESEARCH

The role of bright and dark personality traits in self and other protective pandemic-related preventive behaviors

Parastoo Naeimijoo, Ahmad Yousefi, Abbas Masjedi Arani, Mostafa Heidari, Reza Karimi, Maryam Aslzaker Lighvan

Aim: The Purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between bright and dark aspects of personality dimensions and self-interest and other interest preventive related behaviors during Covid-19 pandemic

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms25e1941

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ANALYSIS

Prevalence of Alexithymia and the influencing factors among medical students at Umm Al-Qura University: A cross-sectional study

Abdullah Meshal Alharthi, Manal Abdalelah Almasoudi, Mohammed Bandar Alotaibi, Mohammad Sami Jalaladdin, Mokhtar Mahfouz Shatla

Background: Alexithymia is inability of the person to describe his emotions, somatic sensations, and struggle to discuss feelings. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of the state of alexithymia among undergraduate medical students and to explore its potential risk factors

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms26e1947

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The Effect of the Pre-treatment by Hydrofluoric and Nitric acid in combined and sandblasting on the retentive force of monolithic zirconia with different yttria content

Abdulrahman Jafar Alhaddad, Samar Hatem Abuzinadah, Raafat Abd El-Rhman Tammam Attia

Background: Zirconia is chemically stable biocompatible material used in dentistry. Current study aimed to evaluate the effect of yttria content (5Y, 7Y & 9Y) in combination with (Hydrofluoric and Nitric Acid) and silica sandblasting on the surface structure of crown to achieve mechanical retention.

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms27e2049

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RESEARCH

Contamination level of unused gloves in King Saud University dental clinics

Mohammad Helmi, Hamad N Albagieh, Rasha S Alrasheed, Reem M Aldosary, Tala M Alsulaim

Objective: The present study aims to measure the contamination level of gloves contained in an open box during dental procedures in the clinics of King Saud University, Dental Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms28e2047

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ANALYSIS

Parental involvement in medical imaging in the emergency department

Hussain A Al Ghadeer, Ahmad Alsubaie, Fatimah A Alsowailem, Zahra A Alhababi, Khadijah A Alali, Abdulaziz S Almentakh, Jalal K Aldandan, Hussain A Al Sakkak, Mohammed H Alzoayed, Alaa B Alali

Background: Radiology uses different modalities to identify wide range of the problems, monitor response to treatment, and screen for diseases. As for children, parents or caregivers should be up-to-date about the benefits and risks of the management

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms29e2041

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Knowledge and awareness of shoulder injuries associated with resistance training among athletes in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 2021

Abdulrahman M Al Qahtani, Sultan M Al Dajani, Abdulwahab N Al Adhyani, Abdulaziz Abuabat, Mofeed H Alhashim

Background: Sport and exercise have become an important part of our daily life to promote and enhance our quality of life. However, injuries might occur in some cases due to multiple factors such as improper techniques, overexertion, inadequate preparation, and other factors

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms30e1943

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Case-control: A low-fiber diet increases the risk of appendicitis in main Qassim, Saudi Arabia hospitals 2020-2021

Abdullah Alkhamiss, Osamah Almosallam, Waleed Al Abdulmonem, Ajlan Alajlan, Bader Alharbi, Sulaiman Alodhaylah, Abdulhakeem Aloqla, Faisal Alzaaqi, Asim Alshowaiman

Background: Appendicitis is caused by the occlusion of the appendiceal lumen; it is the most cause of abdominal surgery emergency. The low fiber diet can cause the blockage of the appendiceal lumen

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms31e2033

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Comparison of efficacy and recovery time of sevoflurane inhalation deep sedation with propofol deep sedation in pediatric dentistry

Mhd Raslan Alzein, Mohamed Altinawi, Faten Rostom, Imad Katbeh, Mamasaidova Zarina, Saidova Patimat

The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and recovery time of inhalation sedation using sevoflurane to intravenous sedation using propofol

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms32e2048

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Prevalence of MRI findings in lumbosacral spine in patients with chronic low back pain: A cross-sectional study

Ziyad Almushayti, Ali Alamer, Sharifa Alduraib, Asim Aldhilan, Bader Alharbi, Mohammed Alammari, Majed Almutairi, Turky Alfadda, Mohammed Almushayti

Introduction: Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common causes of patients looking for medical care. The incidence of LBP in adults is 84% and the estimated incidence in all age groups is 18%.

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms33e2053

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The effectiveness of the unified protocol on symptoms, quality of life, negative affect, and negative reactivity in irritable bowel syndrome patients in comorbidity with anxiety and depression

Ala Ghapanchi, Abbas Masjedi-Arani, Amir Sadeghi, Maryam Asle Zaker Lighvan, Mohsen Saberi Isfeedvajani, Shaghayegh Eslamipour

Introduction: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS ( is a prevalent gastrointestinal dysfunction characterised by chronic abdominal pain and changes in bowel movement. Unified protocol is based on emotion regulations skills and can be used for a wide range of emotional disorders

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms34e1964

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Primary teeth importance and dental care of children among mothers in Saudi Arabia: Knowledge and awareness assessment

Naif bin mhna, Haneen Mousa, Alhanouf Alqahtani, Ghadeer Nasser, Suzan Hamdi, Nura Amer, Mashaal Alsadoon, Khames T. Alzahrani, Hassan Almahroos, Bushra Alghamdi, Arwa Alsharif, Hadeel Kashkari, Samar H Abuzinadah

Background: Parent’s belief and attitude about children’s oral health is very crucial to enhance their children’s oral health. Mothers can help their children establish dental care habits if they are well acquainted with oral prevention and diseases techniques

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms35e2050

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CASE REPORT

Ischemic stroke after covid-19 mRNA vaccination (Pfizer): A case report

Belkasem Shiar, Ammar Kalas, Adnan Alnaser, Emad Abou, Oumar Alkhalifa, Shokri Alnasser, Sohaib Gaashan, Faris Basyouni, Alhanouf Alrshide, Saleh Mohamed, Thikra Alkhalaf, Abdullah Alreshoudi

COVID-19 has been linked to more than expected cases of strokes especially in young population. Over a 42-day follow-up period, the BNT162b2 vaccination caused few side effects, majority of it were minors and few are dangerous

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms36e2052

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ANALYSIS

Cardiovascular risk factors and co-morbidities in patients with Alopecia Areata: A case-control study

Dalia A Ahmed Attallah, Mahmoud Ali M Ashry, Samah Abourehab, Ayman M Mahran

Objective: Study the possible cardiovascular risk factors and co-morbidities in patients with Alopecia Areata. Design: Case-control study. Setting: Dermatology Outpatients' Clinic, Assiut University Hospitals, Egypt

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms37e1866

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Transdiagnostic treatment (UP-A) on shame, self-criticism, emotional eating and emotional dysregulation in obese adolescents: A randomized controlled trial

Parastoo Naeimijoo, Abbas Masjedi Arani, Maryam Bakhtiari, Gholamreza Mohammadi Farsani

Background: The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment – adolescent version- on shame, self-criticism, emotional eating and difficulties in emotion regulation in adolescents suffering from obesity

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms38e1978

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Impact of physical activities on quality of life among female medical students in King Abdulaziz University

Ahmad Azhar, Reem Ebraheem Aldaheri, Yara Faisal Alqurashi, Wafaa Mohammed Alalyani, Albandari Abdullah Albandar

Background: Physical activity (PE), which offers a variety of health and mental advantages, has gotten a lot of attention in Saudi society, particularly among medical students

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms39e2063

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Nutritional status among children with autism spectrum disorders in Saudi Arabia

Samar Alahmari, Rehab Alatawi, Renad Albalawi, Ryanah Albalawi, Eman Alamri

Objective: To compare the nutritional status of Saudi children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) to Saudi children without ASD. Methods: The research was a case control study for children aged between 7 and 12 years

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms40e1960

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CASE REPORT

Ventricular Septal defect (VSD) as an extra renal manifestation in Congenital Anomalies of Kidney and Urinary Tract (CAKUT) Syndrome: A rare Case report

Sagar VVSS, Sourya Acharya, Shantanu Gomase, Rohan Kumar Singh, Samarth Shukla, Sunil Kumar, Chitturi Venkata Sai Akhil

Congenital abnormalities of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are a key cause of morbidity and a substantial contributor to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). These anomalies are the most prevalent form of birth malformation

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms41e2003

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ANALYSIS

Parents’ knowledge, attitude, and practice towards childhood constipation in Al Baha- Saudi Arabia

Elfatih Mirghani M Salih, Jameel Mohammed Abdulrahim Alghamdi, Abdullah Fasial Ahmed Al Muaibid, Anwar Abdullah Mohmmed Alghmadi

Introduction: Constipation is an important pediatric health issue, most childhood constipation (CC) cases are due to functional constipation (FC), rather than being caused by organic causes, occurring as a result of intentional stool with hold

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms42e2054

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